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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 189-197.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2020.02.005

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自行车头盔对骑车人头部防护性能的有限元分析

张义 1, 2 ,何伟 1, 2 ,金钱钱 1, 2 ,潘迪 2, 3 ,韩勇1, 2   

  1. (1. 厦门理工学院 机械与汽车工程学院,厦门 361024,中国;2. 福建省客车及特种车辆研发协同创新中心, 厦门 364024,中国;3. 厦门大学 航空航天学院,厦门 361005,中国)
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-21 出版日期:2020-06-30 发布日期:2020-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 韩勇(1984—),男 ( 汉 ),江西,副教授。E-mail :yonghan@xmut.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author : 张义(1980—),男 ( 汉 ),辽宁,讲师。E-mail: 2014110804@xmut.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金 (51775466) ;福建省自然科学杰出青年科学基金(2019J06022);汽车安全与节能 国家重点实验室开放基金课题(KF2005)。

Finite element analysis of the bicycle-helmet protective performances on cyclist head

 ZHANG Yi 1, 2, HE Wei 1, 2, JIN Qianqian 1, 2, PAN Di 2, 3, HAN Yong 1, 2   

  1. (1. Xiamen University of Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen 364024, China ; 2. Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D of Coach and Special Vehicle, Xiamen 364024, China ; 3. School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China)
  • Received:2019-08-21 Online:2020-06-30 Published:2020-06-30

摘要: 为研究自行车头盔对骑车人头部的防护性能,建立了自行车头盔有限元数值分析模型,并 依据欧洲法规 EN 1078 的动态测试方法,验证了头盔模型的有效性。重建了一起真实自行车事故案 例,以研究在头盔在人与车碰撞及人与地面碰撞中头部颅骨骨折及脑损伤。结果表明:在人与车碰撞 中,当头部与风挡玻璃中部接触时,佩戴或不佩戴头盔时的颅骨骨折的风险均不到1%,而简明损伤 定级 (AIS) 为AIS2+ 的脑损伤风险仅降低 4% ;在人与地面碰撞中,佩戴头盔后颅骨骨折风险降低了 92%,而 AIS2+ 脑损伤仅降低了17%。与头盔对颅骨骨折风险的防护性能相比,头盔对旋转运动所 致脑组织损伤的防护性能存在不足。

关键词: 自行车头盔, 防护性能, 事故重建, 人与车碰撞, 人与地面碰撞, 有限元分析

Abstract: Established a finite element model of bicycle helmets and verified its effectiveness to measure its protective performances to the rider’s head according to the drop test in the European Regulation of EN 1078. A real bicycle accident was reconstructed to study the head fracture and the brain injury in cyclist-tovehicle collisions or in cyclist-to-ground collisions. The results show that if the head contacted with the middle of the windshield, the helmeted and unhelmeted difference of the skull fracture risk is less than 1%, with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) AIS 2+ brain injury risk reducing 4% in the cyclist-to-vehicle collision. While in the cyclist-to-ground collision, the skull fractures risk is reduced by 92% and the AIS2 + brain injury risk is reduced by 17%. The helmet protective performance against the brain injury risk caused by rotational movement is more insufficient than that against the skull fracture risk.

Key words: bicycle helmets, protective performances, accident reconstruction, cyclist-to-vehicle collisions; cyclist-to-ground collisions, finite element analysis

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