基于事故重建的行人与骑车人头部损伤的差异性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为保护易受伤害道路使用者（VRU）,基于“长沙深入交通事故调查数据库（IVAC）”中一系列VRU与汽车碰撞事故数据,对事故中的人体头部损伤影响进行数值再现,以获取事故中碰撞边界条件。采用有限元与多刚体耦合方法,从头部运动学和损伤响应等方面分析了骑车人和行人事故的差异性。结果表明：骑车人头部碰撞角度42.57°、相对碰撞速度51.94 km/h,行人头部碰撞角度50.23°、相对碰撞速度72.54 km/h;这些参数,均与目前行人保护实验规程中的测试边界条件（65°、40 km/ h）有较大差异;行人的头部损伤风险整体高于骑车人,颅脑损伤风险显著大于骑车人。

关键词: 汽车安全, 行人保护, 骑车人, 头部损伤, 事故重建, 耦合模型

Abstract:

This paper reconstructed a series of collision boundary conditions of Vulnerable Road User (VRU); and some car collision accident cases from the In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accident in Changsha (IVAC) database by using a multi-rigid body method to protect the VRUs to better protect the VRU. Numerically reproduced the head/brain injury occurred in the accident cases by using a finite element (FE) and a multi-rigid body coupling method. Investigated comprehensively the differences between head kinematics and injury responses of pedestrian and two-wheeler accidents. The results show that the two-wheelers’ head collision angle is 42.57° with a relative collision speed being 51.94 km/h; the pedestrian’s head collision angle is 50.23° with a relative collision speed being 72.54 km/h. These parameters are clearly different from the test boundary conditions (65° and 40 km/h) according current pedestrian safety regulations or programs. The overall head injury-risk of pedestrians is generally higher than that of two-wheelers. In particular, the brain injury-risk of pedestrians is significantly greater than that of two-wheelers.

Key words: automotive safety, pedestrian protection, two-wheelers, head injury, accident reconstruction, coupled model

中图分类号:

TP273

徐洪震, 王方, 胡林, 王振, 李凡. 基于事故重建的行人与骑车人头部损伤的差异性[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 483-489.

XU Hongzhen, WANG Fang, HU Lin, WANG Zhen, LI Fan. Differences in head injuries between pedestrian and two-wheeler based on real-world accident reconstruction[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(4): 483-489.

图/表 10

图1 中国2015-2019年两轮车事故数量及伤亡人数

图2 事故重建流程图

图3 TNO人体模型

图4 有限元-多体耦合人体模型[20, 28]

图5 典型两轮车模型和车辆模型

图6 汽车碰撞速度v分布图

图7 行人与骑车人头部碰撞边界条件对比

图8 头部整体损伤响应对比

图9 头部CSDM损伤预测值对比

图10 MPS0.98

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