载人机动两轮车事故及骑乘人员损伤特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了载人机动两轮车（含摩托车和电动自行车）事故特征。分析了170例具有视频的载人机动两轮车事故，统计了一般事故特征,采用系统聚类法，提取了典型事故场景,挖掘不同场景下的人体损伤特征。结果表明：载人机动两轮车事故主要发生在不需照明且路面干燥的十字路口或直线路段；碰撞前的汽车速度多集中在10~50 km/h之间，机动两轮车速度多集中在10~40 km/h之间；所提取的8类典型事故场景,涵盖了全部样本的78.9%，78%以上不同场景间人体头部、胸部损伤之间有显著性差异，这表明所选场景具有代表性；总体上场景内骑乘人员损伤有显著差异，骑车人损伤重于乘员损伤；但当汽车速度为50 km/h直行与摩托车20~40 km/h直行侧面碰撞的场景中，乘员胸部损伤比骑车人更严重。这些结果可为载人机动两轮车事故特征提供先验知识。

关键词: 机动两轮车事故, 骑乘人员, 事故场景, 损伤, 聚类分析

Abstract:

The accident characteristics of manned motorized two-wheelers (including motorcycles and electric bicycles) were investigated. 170 manned motorized two-wheeler accidents with video were analyzed, the general accident characteristics were counted, and the system clustering method was used to extract typical accident scenarios and explore the human injury characteristics in different scenarios. The results shown that manned motorized two-wheeler mainly occur at intersections with dry roads and lighting, with vehicle speed mostly concentrated between 10~50 km/h and motorcycle speed 10~40 km/h; 8 typical scenarios extracted by clustering cover 78.9% of the total sample, and significant differences between human head and chest injuries (>78%); and overall, the rider injury is heavier than the occupant injury. The occupant chest injury is more serious than that of the cyclist when the car speed is going straight at 50 km/h with the motorcycle going straight at 20~40 km/h. These results would reveal better prior knowledge of motorized 2-wheelers accidents.

Key words: motorized 2-wheelers accidents, motorcyclists and pillion passengers, accident scene, injury, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

U491.3

刘朱紫, 刘阳阳, 邹铁方, 曹太山. 载人机动两轮车事故及骑乘人员损伤特征分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(5): 563-569.

LIU Zhuzi, LIU Yangyang, ZOU Tiefang, CAO Taishan. Analysis of the accidents and injury characteristics of motorcyclists in motorized 2-wheelers and pillion passengers[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(5): 563-569.

图/表 12

参考文献 20

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车型		占比/ %
汽车	轿车	62.49
	SUV	17.06
	MPV	5.29
	客车或货车	14.71
机动两轮车	电动自行车	38.82
	普通骑跨型摩托车	35.88
	踏板摩托车	20.59
	大排量跑车	4.71

车型		占比/ %
汽车	轿车	62.49
	SUV	17.06
	MPV	5.29
	客车或货车	14.71
机动两轮车	电动自行车	38.82
	普通骑跨型摩托车	35.88
	踏板摩托车	20.59
	大排量跑车	4.71

场景	v_veh / (km·h^-1)	v_2w / (km·h^-1)	碰撞部位
1	15、20、25、30	65、70、75、80	摩托车碰撞汽车侧面前部、中部、后部
2	15、20、25、30	15、20、25、30	汽车碰撞摩托车前部、中部、后部
4	15、20、25、30	25、30、35、40	摩托车碰撞汽车车头左部、中部、右部
5	35、40、45、50	15、20、25、30	汽车碰撞电动自行车左部、中部、右部
6	25、30、35、40	25、30、35、40	汽车转弯碰撞摩托车前部、中部、后部
8	55、60、65、70	25、30、35、40	摩托车碰撞汽车侧面前部、中部、右部
9	35、40、45、50	15、20、25、30	电动自行车碰撞汽车车头左部、中部、右部
11	25、30、35、40	35、40、45、50	摩托车碰撞汽车车头左部、中部、右部

场景	v_veh / (km·h^-1)	v_2w / (km·h^-1)	碰撞部位
1	15、20、25、30	65、70、75、80	摩托车碰撞汽车侧面前部、中部、后部
2	15、20、25、30	15、20、25、30	汽车碰撞摩托车前部、中部、后部
4	15、20、25、30	25、30、35、40	摩托车碰撞汽车车头左部、中部、右部
5	35、40、45、50	15、20、25、30	汽车碰撞电动自行车左部、中部、右部
6	25、30、35、40	25、30、35、40	汽车转弯碰撞摩托车前部、中部、后部
8	55、60、65、70	25、30、35、40	摩托车碰撞汽车侧面前部、中部、右部
9	35、40、45、50	15、20、25、30	电动自行车碰撞汽车车头左部、中部、右部
11	25、30、35、40	35、40、45、50	摩托车碰撞汽车车头左部、中部、右部

场景	骑车人损伤高于乘员损伤的占比 / %	平均HIC15
场景	骑车人损伤高于乘员损伤的占比 / %	骑车人	乘员
1	91.7	1 436	597.1
4	97.9	380	69.6
6	75.0	105	69.6
8	81.3	176	50.5
9	100.0	1 122	278.4
11	87.5	1 180	562.4