事故工况下行人胸部与车辆碰撞的边界条件特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了行人胸部与车辆碰撞边界条件特征。建立了基于中国道路事故工况的车辆与行人碰撞多体仿真矩阵，进行了仿真数据统计分析。结果表明：成年行人胸部绕转距离（WAD）范围为0.957~1.808 m； 6岁儿童行人胸部绕转距离（WAD）为0.760~0.910 m；对于轿车、运动型多功能车（SUV）、多用途汽车（MPV）等3种车型碰撞，成年行人胸部中值碰撞角度为17°、34°、32°，中值速度为12.5、19.8、17.3 km/h； 6岁儿童速度为20.5、38.4、25.4 km/h，胸部碰撞角度49°、90°、81°。轿车碰撞中的行人胸部绕转距离WAD高于SUV和MPV碰撞工况，但行人胸部与车辆碰撞速度和碰撞角度明显低于SUV和MPV碰撞工况。因而，本文作者建议：根据车辆WAD区域，分别开展成年和儿童行人胸部防护测评，并在测试中根据车型合理设定胸部冲击加载边界条件。

关键词: 汽车安全, 车辆与行人的碰撞事故, 胸部碰撞, 碰撞防护的测评, 测评加载的边界条件

Abstract:

The boundary conditions characteristics were investigated for pedestrian thorax-vehicle contacts. A multi-body vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulation matrix was defined according to the distributions of road traffic accident scenarios in China. Statistical analysis was performed on the simulation results. The results show that the thorax Wrap Around Distance (WAD) are 0.957~1.808 m for adult pedestrians with being 0.760~0.910 m for 6-year-old children pedestrians. In sedan, Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) and Multi-Purpose Vehicles (MPV) impacts, for the adult pedestrians, the thorax median contact angles are 17°, 34°, 32°, and the velocity of 12.5, 19.8, 17.3 km/h respectively; the 6-year-old children has the thorax angles of 49°, 90°, 81° and the thorax contact speeds of 20.5, 38.4, 25.4 km/h respectively. The pedestrian thorax WAD in the sedan impacts is higher than that of the SUV and MPV cases, while the thorax-vehicle contact speed and contact angle are significantly lower than the SUV and MPV cases. Therefore, the authors suggest to set the thorax protection assessments for both adult pedestrian and child pedestrian according to the WAD range; and the launch boundary conditions of the thorax impactor should be reasonably set according to the vehicle model.

Key words: vehicle safety, vehicle-pedestrian contact accidents, thorax contact, evaluation of contact protection, boundary conditions for evaluation loading

中图分类号:

U461.91

高文博, 吕晓江, 肖志, 莫富灏, 李桂兵. 事故工况下行人胸部与车辆碰撞的边界条件特征分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(5): 555-562.

GAO Wenbo, LV Xiaojiang, XIAO Zhi, MO Fuhao, LI Guibing. Boundary-condition characteristics-analysis of the pedestrian thorax-vehicle contacts considering accident scenarios[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(5): 555-562.

图/表 12

参考文献 24

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h / cm	v / (km·h^-1)
h / cm	区间<25	26~35	36~45	46~55	56~65	>65
153	20.0	27.5, 30.0, 32.5	37.5, 40.0, 42.5	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0
160	20.0	28.3, 31.7	38.3, 41.7	50.0	60.0	70.0
165	18.3, 21.7	27.0,29.0,31.0,33.0	37.0, 39.0, 41.0, 43.0	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0
170	17.5, 20.0, 22.5	26.4, 27.9, 29.3, 30.7, 32.1, 33.6	36.3, 37.5, 38.8, 40.0, 41.3, 42.5, 43.8	47.0, 49.0, 51.0, 53.0	58.3, 61.7	70.0
175	18.3, 21.7	27.0, 29, 31, 33.0	36.7, 38.3, 40.0, 41.7, 43.3	47.5, 50.0, 52.5	58.3, 61.7	70.0
180	18.3, 21.7	27.5, 30.0, 32.5	37.0, 39.0, 41.0, 40.3	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0
185	18.3, 21.7	27.0, 29.0, 31.0, 33.0	37.0, 39.0, 41.0, 43.0	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0

h / cm	v / (km·h^-1)
h / cm	区间<25	26~35	36~45	46~55	56~65	>65
153	20.0	27.5, 30.0, 32.5	37.5, 40.0, 42.5	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0
160	20.0	28.3, 31.7	38.3, 41.7	50.0	60.0	70.0
165	18.3, 21.7	27.0,29.0,31.0,33.0	37.0, 39.0, 41.0, 43.0	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0
170	17.5, 20.0, 22.5	26.4, 27.9, 29.3, 30.7, 32.1, 33.6	36.3, 37.5, 38.8, 40.0, 41.3, 42.5, 43.8	47.0, 49.0, 51.0, 53.0	58.3, 61.7	70.0
175	18.3, 21.7	27.0, 29, 31, 33.0	36.7, 38.3, 40.0, 41.7, 43.3	47.5, 50.0, 52.5	58.3, 61.7	70.0
180	18.3, 21.7	27.5, 30.0, 32.5	37.0, 39.0, 41.0, 40.3	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0
185	18.3, 21.7	27.0, 29.0, 31.0, 33.0	37.0, 39.0, 41.0, 43.0	48.3, 51.7	60.0	70.0

车型	WAD / m		v / (km·h^-1)	α / (°)	β / (°)
车型	下肋骨	上肋骨	v / (km·h^-1)	α / (°)	β / (°)
Sedan	0.77	0.90	20.5	49.0	2.0
SUV	0.76	0.89	38.4	90.0	3.0
MPV	0.78	0.91	25.4	81.0	0.0

车型	WAD / m		v / (km·h^-1)	α / (°)	β / (°)
车型	下肋骨	上肋骨	v / (km·h^-1)	α / (°)	β / (°)
Sedan	0.77	0.90	20.5	49.0	2.0
SUV	0.76	0.89	38.4	90.0	3.0
MPV	0.78	0.91	25.4	81.0	0.0