Tweel非充气轮胎在不同损伤状态与工况下的振动响应特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究Tweel非充气轮胎在不同损伤状态与动态工况下的振动响应特性，该文建立了非充气轮胎三维非线性有限元模型，并通过静力学试验验证了模型有效性。基于验证后的有限元模型，仿真分析了健康及损伤状态下的非充气轮胎三轴加速度信号特征，研究了不同滑移率与侧偏角对加速度信号的影响规律。结果表明：3 mm裂纹损伤引起结构刚度变化，导致接地区域周向加速度峰值减小12.5%，非接地区域信号均值上升15.3%，幅值调制现象显著；滑移率的增加使振动波形错位，滑移率由1%增加到5%时，周向加速度的相位滞后量达到了0.8 ms，表明周向加速度对滑移率变化具有较高敏感性；侧偏角由2°增加到6°，导致侧向加速度标准差上升48.3%，且非接地区域信号离散程度上升约22.5%。该研究揭示了各因素对轮胎振动的影响机制，为基于振动信号的非充气轮胎健康监测提供了理论依据与数据支撑。

关键词: Tweel非充气轮胎, 有限元仿真, 振动响应, 损伤表征, 滑移率, 侧偏角

Abstract:

A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of a non-pneumatic tire was developed and validated through static mechanical tests to investigate the vibration response characteristics of Tweel non-pneumatic tires under different damage states and dynamic operating conditions. Based on the validated model, the characteristics of three-axis acceleration signals under intact and damaged conditions were numerically analyzed, investigating the effects of slip ratio and slip angle on the acceleration responses. The results show that a 3 mm crack alters the structural stiffness, resulting in a 12.5% reduction in the peak circumferential acceleration in the contact region and a 15.3% increase in the mean acceleration signal in the non-contact region, accompanied by pronounced amplitude modulation. An increase in slip ratio causes a shift in the vibration waveform. As the slip ratio increases from 1% to 5%, the circumferential acceleration exhibits a time lag of 0.8 ms, indicating its high sensitivity to variations in slip ratio. Increasing the slip angle from 2° to 6° leads to a 48.3% increase in the standard deviation of lateral acceleration and an approximately 22.5% increase in signal dispersion in the non-contact region. These findings reveal the mechanisms by which damage and dynamic operating conditions affect tire vibration responses, providing a theoretical basis and supporting data for vibration-based health monitoring of non-pneumatic tires.

Key words: Tweel non-pneumatic tire, finite element simulation, vibration response, damage characterization, slip rate, slip angle

中图分类号:

U463.341+
6

陆柯宇, 邓耀骥, 沈辉. Tweel非充气轮胎在不同损伤状态与工况下的振动响应特性[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(5): 556-566.

LU Keyu, DENG Yaoji, SHEN Hui. Vibration response characteristics of Tweel non-pneumatic tire under different damage states and working conditions[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(5): 556-566.

图/表 14

名称	径向尺寸/ mm	厚度/ mm
胎面	220	0~10
增强环	280	10
剪切带	282、285、288	0.64
辐条	170~280	3
轮毂	160	10

表1 非充气轮胎结构参数

材料	μ_i / MPa	α_i	D_i / (kPa^-1)	g_i	τ_i/ s
聚氨酯	13.55	1.51	3.5	0.125	0.002
	-2.34	2.21	0	0.125	0.02
	0.09	-2.47	0	0.125	0.2
合成橡胶	13.36	1.63	5.9	0.2	0.002
	-6.63	1.9	0	0.2	0.02
	0.06	-2.462	0	0.2	0.2

表2 聚氨酯和合成橡胶的Ogden超弹性模型参数和Prony级数粘弹性参数

图1 Tweel非充气轮胎有限元模型

图2 轮胎力学测试实验台及结果示意图

图3 轮胎加载试验中获得的接地印痕以及有限元模型的仿真结果

载荷/ kN	L_tran / mm		δ_RE %	L_long / mm		δ_RE %	下沉量/ mm		δ_RE %
载荷/ kN	仿真	实验	δ_RE %	仿真	实验	δ_RE %	仿真	实验	δ_RE %
2.8	147.9	149.1	0.80	60.9	63.1	3.49	15.4	15.9	3.14
4.0	156.5	154.9	1.03	95.8	93.9	2.02	21.4	20.7	3.38
5.0	158.3	159.7	0.88	142.1	143.7	1.11	25.9	26.3	1.52

表3 仿真与实验数据对比

图4 Tweel非充气轮胎局部损伤设置示意图

图5 三轴加速度坐标变换

图6 不同损伤状况下的三轴加速度信号

图7 侧向加速度功率谱

图8 不同滑移率下的三轴加速度信号

图9 侧向加速度功率谱

图10 不同侧偏角下的三轴加速度信号

图11 不同侧偏角下侧向加速度功率谱

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