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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 421-437.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.04.001

• 综述与展望 •    下一篇

质子交换膜电解池/燃料电池两相流数值模拟研究进展

包成(), 刘宇轩, 米烁东   

  1. 北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院， 北京 100083， 中国
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-12 修回日期:2026-07-20 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 作者简介:包成 教授，2006年获得清华大学“动力工程及工程热物理”专业博士学位，并获得清华大学优秀博士论文奖；2010年成为中国首位PSE Model-based Innovation Prize Runner-up奖获得者；2011—2012年作为洪堡高级学者（AVH Experienced Research Fellow）留德从事研究工作。目前为北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院教授、博士生导师、怀柔国家实验室双聘教授，“氢能及新能源转换与利用（HNECU）”团队学术带头人。主要从事燃料电池/电解池、制氢与纯化、多物理场多尺度数值模拟、能源系统优化与控制等研究工作。包成（1976—），男（汉），湖北，教授。E-mail：baocheng@me.ustb.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52576190)

Two-phase flow in proton exchange membrane electrolysis and fuel cells: Recent advances in numerical simulations

BAO Cheng(), LIU Yuxuan, MI Shuodong   

  1. School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2026-07-12 Revised:2026-07-20 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-09-01
  • About author:Prof. BAO Cheng， BAO Cheng received his Ph.D. in Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics from Tsinghua University in 2006, winning the Tsinghua University Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Award. In 2010, he became the first Chinese recipient of the runner-up for the PSE Model-based Innovation Prize. From 2011 to 2012, he conducted research in Germany as an Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Experienced Research Fellow. Currently, he is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), an adjunct professor at Huairou National Laboratory, and the academic leader of the “Hydrogen and New Energy Conversion and Utilization (HNECU)” team. His research mainly focuses on fuel cells/electrolysis cells, hydrogen production and purification, multi-physics and multi-scale modeling and computation, and energy system optimization and control.

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摘要：

质子交换膜电解池（PEMEC）和质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）是推动氢能开发利用的核心设备。然而，其内部相似且极为复杂的气液两相流输运现象显著影响电化学性能。由于传统实验手段的局限性，数值模拟技术已成为揭示两相输运机理及优化水气管理策略的有力工具。该文系统综述了PEMEC/FC 中两相流数值模拟的研究进展，详细对比了主流两相流模型的优缺点及适用尺度；重点分析了运行参数和组件结构特性对流道和多孔层内两相输运过程的影响；针对半/全电池跨尺度模拟，评述了宏观模型和“VOF + UFT”等耦合模型的应用现状，并总结了当前数值模型在动态边界条件和多尺度耦合方面的不足，展望了人工智能在未来全电池或电堆模拟中的应用前景。

关键词: 质子交换膜电解池（PEMEC）, 质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）, 流道, 气体扩散层（GDL）, 多孔运输层（PTL）, 气液两相流, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells (PEMEC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are pivotal devices for the development and utilization of hydrogen energy. However, the similar yet highly complex internal gas-liquid two-phase transport phenomena significantly influence the electrochemical reaction processes and overall device stability. Due to the inherent limitations of conventional experimental techniques, numerical simulation has emerged as a powerful tool for elucidating two-phase transport mechanisms and optimizing water-gas management strategies. This paper provides a systematic review of research progress in the numerical simulation of two-phase flow in PEMEC/FC, offering a detailed comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scales of mainstream models. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the impacts of operating parameters and component structural characteristics on the transport processes within flow channels and porous layers. Furthermore, regarding multi-scale simulations for half/full cells, this paper evaluates the current application status of macroscopic models and coupled frameworks, such as “VOF+UFT”, and finally, summarizes the current deficiencies in numerical models concerning dynamic boundary conditions and multi-scale coupling, and discuss the application prospects of artificial intelligence (AI) for future full-cell- or stack-level simulations.

Key words: proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), flow channel, gas diffusion layer (GDL), porous transport layer (PTL), gas-liquid two-phase flow, numerical simulation

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