柴油、生物柴油、戊醇混合燃料喷雾特性的实验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现燃料与发动机协同优化,探究燃料物性、喷射压力、环境背压、环境温度对宏观和微观喷雾特性的影响。基于定容燃烧弹,采用高速摄影和相位Doppler粒子测试技术(PDPA),对比分析了柴油、生物柴油、戊醇及其混合燃料的喷雾特性。结果表明：与柴油相比,生物柴油液相贯穿距最大,锥角最小;戊醇液相贯穿距最小,混合燃料介于其中。随喷油压力从40 MPa提高到120 MPa,燃油Sauter平均直径(SMD)降低,随背压的增大而增大;生物柴油SMD最大,戊醇SMD最小;燃料的密度、粘度、沸点和表面张力等物性是影响喷雾特性的重要因素,且高温(830 K)时影响更显著;因此,燃料物性融合可改善喷雾特性。

关键词: 发动机混合燃料, 生物柴油, 戊醇, 喷雾特性, 相位Doppler粒子测试技术(PDPA), 物性融合

Abstract:

This paper investigated the macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics of diesel, bio-diesel, n-pentanol, and their oxygenated blends by using high-speed photography and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) for fuel-engine co-optimization. Conducted some experiments in a constant volume vessel to investigate the effects of fuel property, injection pressure, ambient pressure, and ambient temperature. The results show that compared with diesel, bio-diesel has larger liquid phase penetration and smaller cone angle; And n-pentanol has the smallest liquid phase penetration; The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of fuel sprays decreased with the increase of injection pressure from 40 to 120 MPa and the decrease of ambient pressure. Among all the fuels, bio-diesel has the largest SMD while n-pentanol exhibits the smallest SMD due to its low viscosity and surface tension. Density, viscosity, boiling point, and surface tension are identified as the key fuel properties affecting the spray characteristics, especially in high temperature conditions (830 K). Therefore the fuel physicochemical property complementation improves spray characteristics.

Key words: engine mixed fuels, bio-diesel, pentanol, spray characteristics, phase Doppler particle analyzer(PDPA), physicochemical property complementation

中图分类号:

TK428.9

李莉, 李雁飞, 秦颂. 柴油、生物柴油、戊醇混合燃料喷雾特性的实验[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 587-595.

LI Li, LI Yanfei, QIN Song. Experiments on spray characteristics of diesel-biodiesel-pentanol fuels[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(4): 587-595.

图/表 15

图1 常温喷雾试验台架示意图

图2 高温喷雾特性试验台及测试系统图

燃料	十六烷值	20 ℃粘度 mm²·s^-1	20 ℃密度 kg·m³	表面张力/ mN·m	汽化潜热 kJ·kg	含氧质量分数,w / %	馏出温度 / ℃
燃料	十六烷值	20 ℃粘度 mm²·s^-1	20 ℃密度 kg·m³	表面张力/ mN·m	汽化潜热 kJ·kg	含氧质量分数,w / %	V_fra/mL = 10	50	90
D100	56.5	4.127	830.4	27.5	270	0.0	223	266	311
B100	61.7	7.159	871.4	30.3	258	11.1	323	326	335
P100	25.0	2.890	815.0	24.7	308	18.2	138*	138*	138*
D40B30P30	48.0	3.900	838.1	26.9	–	8.8	135	264	310

表1 试验用柴油、生物柴油和戊醇及混合燃料的主要指标

图3 PDPA测量点位置

图4 喷雾贯穿距和锥角的定义

T / K	p_inj / MPa	p_amb / MPa	ρ / （kg·m^-3）	Δt_j / ms
	40	1.2	14	1.5
298	80	1.8	21	1.5
	120	2.5	29	1.5
	40	3.0	13	1.5
830	80	4.0	17	1.5
	120	5.0	21	1.5

表2 常温和高温下定容燃烧弹试验条件

图5 80 MPa轨压、常温下不同燃料的喷雾发展历程

图6 不同燃料的贯穿距和锥角(喷射压力80 MPa)

图7 不同喷射压力下的喷雾贯穿距(背压1.8 MPa)

图8 不同背压下的喷雾锥角(喷射压力80 MPa)

图9 喷射压力和背压对不同燃料喷雾SMD的影响

图10 80 MPa轨压、830K不同燃料的喷雾发展历程

图11 830 K、4 MPa背压、80 MPa轨压下不同燃料的液相贯穿距

图12 830 K、不同喷射压力及背压下燃料的液相稳定长度对比

图13 830 K,不同背压下不同燃料的喷雾投影面积

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