车用大尺寸锂离子动力电池性能的仿真与分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.012

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 116-124.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.012

车用大尺寸锂离子动力电池性能的仿真与分析

匡柯¹(), 任东生²^,³(), 韩雪冰³^,^*(), 郑岳久¹, 孙跃东¹

1.上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海 200093,中国
2.清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京 100084,中国
3.汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,清华大学,北京 100084,中国

收稿日期:2021-03-12 出版日期:2021-03-31 发布日期:2021-04-02
通讯作者: 韩雪冰
作者简介:*韩雪冰,助理研究员。E-mail: hanxuebing@tsinghua.edu.cn。
匡柯(1997—),男(汉）,湖北,硕士研究生。E-mail: kekuang2018@163.com。
任东生(1992—),男(汉）,广东,博士。E-mail: rends@tsinghua.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51807108);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52007099);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877138);中国博士后科学基金(2020M680550);科技部国际合作(2019YFE0100200);上海市青年科技启明星(19QA1406200)

Simulation and analysis of large-format lithium-ion power batteries

KUANG Ke¹(), REN Dongsheng²^,³(), HAN Xuebing³^,^*(), ZHENG Yuejiu¹, SUN Yuedong¹

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093,China
2. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China

Received:2021-03-12 Online:2021-03-31 Published:2021-04-02
Contact: HAN Xuebing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究车用大尺寸锂离子动力电池内部性能不一致性,基于伪二维理论,建立了二维仿真模型。引入集流体区域电势分布及边界条件,对10~150 cm不同长度电极的电池建模仿真,分析了倍率性能、容量发挥率、阻抗等电性能及局部析锂。结果显示：长度为100 cm的电池在3 C大倍率充电时正极集流体压降高达0.1 V,充电容量发挥率仅为82.2 %,极化内阻接近10 cm的2倍;电流密度分布不均造成充电至85 s时就出现局部析锂;充电截止时刻极耳区域温度比中部高出8.6 K。因此,对车用大尺寸锂离子动力电池,亟需对结构进行优化设计和提高电池热管理能力。

关键词: 大尺寸锂离子动力电池, 电池内部性能不一致性, 容量发挥率, 电流密度, 局部析锂

Abstract:

A two-dimensional simulation model was established based on a pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) theory to explore the inconsistency performances of large-format lithium-ion power batteries. The potential distribution and boundary conditions in the current collector region was introduced in the model to analyze electrical performance such as the rate capacity, the capacity utilization rate, the resistance, and the local lithium plating to model electrodes with the length from 10 cm to 150 cm. The results show that the voltage loss of the positive current collector reaches 0.1 V at 3 C rate for a 100-cm electrode, the charging capacity utilization rate drops to 82.2 %, and the normalized polarization internal resistance of a 100-cm battery is nearly twice as big as that of a 10-cm battery; For the 100-cm battery, local lithium plating occurs at 85 s during the charging process due to non-uniform current density; and the temperatures at the two tab-area are 8.6 K higher than that at other area due to high current density. Therefore, the optimizations of battery structural design and the thermal management system are urgently required for large format lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: large-format lithium-ion power batteries, inconsistency performances in battery, capacity utilization rate, current density, local lithium plating

中图分类号:

TM912

匡柯, 任东生, 韩雪冰, 郑岳久, 孙跃东. 车用大尺寸锂离子动力电池性能的仿真与分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(1): 116-124.

KUANG Ke, REN Dongsheng, HAN Xuebing, ZHENG Yuejiu, SUN Yuedong. Simulation and analysis of large-format lithium-ion power batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(1): 116-124.

图/表 13

图1 锂离子电池沿电极长度方向剖面

额定容量	24 Ah
质量	0.5 kg
长度	215 mm
宽度	135 mm
厚度	50 mm
使用温度区间	- 25~55 ℃

表1 电池基本信息

项目	正极	隔膜	负极
厚度,L / μm	68	30	90
固相颗粒半径,r / μm	10	—	10
固相体积分数,ε_s	0.297	0.600	0.471
液相体积分数,ε_e	0.344	0.400	0.257
0% SOC化学计量比,μ₀	0.944 8	—	0.037 3
100% SOC化学计量比,μ₁₀₀	0.358 5	—	0.891 1
固相扩散系数,D_s / (10^-14m²·s^-1)	45.0	—	3.9
反应速率常数,k / (10^-11m·s^-1)	9.0	—	3.5
固相电导率,σ / ( S·m^-1)	10	—	100

表2 模型部分重要参数

图2 不同充放电倍率、不同电极长度的电池端电压

图3 不同电极长度电池对H值的影响

图4 3 C倍率不同长度的电极集流体上的电势分布

图5 不同SOC点下电极长度对电池内阻影响

图6 电极长度对K值影响情况

图7 大倍率充电下不同电极长度的电池电流密度分布

图8 电极长度与电流密度分布差异变化情况

图9 3 C充电下不同电极长度的电池负极电位分布

图10 3 C充电下不同长度电极温度分布情况

图11 3C充电截止时刻不同长度电极区域温差

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车用大尺寸锂离子动力电池性能的仿真与分析

Simulation and analysis of large-format lithium-ion power batteries

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