Abstract: A review about injury tolerance and injury mechanism of lower extremity is given to conduct the experimental studies
and numerical modeling for automobile impact accidents. Data sources were selected from Weber (1859, cadaver femur threepoint
bending tests) to as recent as Kerrigan (2009, multibody modeling of pedestrian lower extremity). One epidemiological
investigation was described where lower extremity injuries are found to be the common form of injury associated with automobile
impact accidents, generally with massive soft tissue tear or defect and severe bone fracture or dislocation. Injury tolerance of the
commonly-injured regions of the lower extremities, including femur, patella, knee, tibia, and ankle, was depicted primarily in terms
of the peak axial compressive force or bending/torsional moment for static and dynamic conditions. The injury mechanism of
following injury patterns is summarized including knee joint injury, long bone shaft fracture, femoral neck fracture, femoral condyle
fracture, ankle joint injury, and foot bone fracture.

Key words: traffic accidents, impact, lower extremity, wounds and injuries, threshold limit values, biomechanics