In-situ measurement of heat generation performance of a high-capacity pouch lithium-ion battery

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

An in-situ measurement method with heat-compensated was proposed considering heat loss factors to investigate the heat generation performances of the high-capacity pouch lithium-ion batteries under two charging and discharging conditions, the one without forced air cooling and thermal insulation, and the other with forced air cooling. The results show that the battery heat generation rate curves exhibit a U-shaped pattern of “high-low-high” under the heat preservation conditions; The heat generation rate curve shows an in-creasing trend of “fast-slow-fast” under the forced air-cooling conditions; The meas-urement accuracy considering heat loss reaches 93.5% compared to the conditions considering no heat loss; The heat generated under the conditions with no forced air cooling and heat preservation, increases by 4.74%, 11.56%, and 16.25% respectively when battery discharging at 0.7 C, 1.0 C, and 1.2 C, compared to the forced air-cooling conditions. Therefore, this method can provide a reference for the accurate characteri-zation of the heat generation performances of pouch batteries under the charging and discharging conditions of heat preservation and forced air-cooling.

Key words: pouch lithium-ion batteries, heat generation performances, thermal compensation method, heat preservation conditions and forced air-cooling conditions

CLC Number:

TM912

ZHANG Xiaojun, WANG Jie, SHENG Lei, ZHANG Huanjvan, LAN Huaiyu, ZHOU Qinjian, WANG Jian, SHI Junming, SUN Xuhui. In-situ measurement of heat generation performance of a high-capacity pouch lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(2): 218-224.

Figures/Tables 9

References 20

[1]	谢元鹏, 张甫仁, 谭海坤, 等. 锂离子电池新型分支通道翅片液体冷却板的设计优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能, 2025, 16(3): 443-451.
	XIE Yuanpeng, ZHANG Furen, TAN Haikun, et al. Design optimization of a novel branched-channel fin liquid cooling plate for lithium-ion batteries[J]. *J Autom Safe Energ*, 2025, 16(3): 443-451. (in Chinese)
[2]	LIU Jiahao, FAN Yining, XIE Qimiao, et al. Feasibility study of a novel oil-immersed battery cooling system: Experiments and theoretical analysis[J]. *Appl Therm Engineering, 2022, 208*: 118251. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118251 URL
[3]	孙牧. 汽车动力电池组的电池管理系统与温度控制技术[J]. 汽车电器, 2025, 12(8): 38-40.
	SUN Mu. Battery management system and temperature control technology for automotive power battery packs[J]. *Autom Elect Parts*, 2025, 12(8): 38-40. (in Chinese)
[4]	李晓宇, 赵深, 田君, 等. 极端温度冲击下锂离子电池热失控建模及安全边界研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2025, 47(6): 1022-1036.
	LI Xiaoyu, ZHAO Shen, TIAN Jun, et al. Research on thermal runaway modeling and safety boundary of li-ion batteries under extreme temperature shock[J]. *Autom Engineering*, 2025, 47(6): 1022-1036. (in Chinese)
[5]	WEI Lisi, LIU Huanling, TANG Chuangeng, et al. Investigation of novel type of cylin-drical lithium-ion battery heat exchangers based on topology optimization[J]. *Energy, 2024, 304*: 131886. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131886 URL
[6]	SHENG Lei, SU Lin, ZHANG Hengyun, et al. An improved calorimetric method for characterizations of the specific heat and the heat generation rate in a prismatic lithium ion battery cell[J]. *Energ Conv Manag, 2019, 180*: 724-732. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.11.030 URL
[7]	Drake S, Martin M, Wetz D, et al. Heat generation rate measurement in a Li-ion cell at large C-rates through temperature and heat flux measurements[J]. *J Power Sources, 2015, 285*: 266-273. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.008 URL
[8]	Bernardi D, Powlikowski E, Newman J. General energy balance for battery systems[J]. *Electrochem Sci Tech, 1985, 132*(1): 512.
[9]	Kim U, Shin B, Kim C. Effect of electrode configuration on the thermal behavior of a lithium-polymer battery[J]. *J Power Sources, 2008, 180*: 909-916. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.054 URL
[10]	Bandhauer T, Garimella S, Fuller T. A Critical review of thermal issues in lithium-ion batteries[J]. *J Electrochem Soc, 2011, 158*(3): R1-R25.
[11]	欧阳全胜, 徐超, 杨永欣, 等. 圆柱26700锂离子电池电化学及热特性[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2022, 32(7): 2050-2057.
	OUYANG Quansheng, XU Chao, YANG Yongxin, et al. Electrochemical and thermal behavior of 26700cylindrical lithium ion battery[J]. *Chin J Nonfer Meta*, 2022, 32(7): 2050-2057. (in Chinese)
[12]	XIE Yi, LI Wei, HU Xiaosong, et al. Novel mesoscale electrothermal modeling for lith-ium-ion batteries[J]. *IEEE Trans Power Electron*, 2020, 35: 2595-2614. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.63 URL
[13]	Tran N, Farrel T, Vilathgamuwa M, et al. A Computationally efficient coupled electro-chemical-thermal model for large format cylindrical lithium ion batteries[J]. *J Electrochem Soc, 2019, 166*(13): A3059-A3071.
[14]	李伟卓, 包志铭, 高清臣, 等. 基于显式格式的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合模型[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2025, 46(5): 1624-1633.
	LI Weizhuo, BAO Zhiming, GAO Qingchen, et al. An electrochemical-thermal coupling model for lithium ion batteries based on explicit scheme[J]. *J Engi Thermophys*, 2025, 46(5): 1624-1633. (in Chinese)
[15]	CUI Xifeng, ZENG Jian, ZHANG Holiang, et al. Optimiz-ation of the lumped parameter thermal model for hard-cased li-ion batteries[J]. *J Energ Stor*, 2020, 32: 101758.
[16]	LIN Chunjing, XU Sichuan, LIU Jinling. Measurement of heat generation in a 40 Ah LiFePO₄ prismatic battery using accelerating rate calorimetry[J]. *Int’l J Hydro Energ*, 2018, 43(17): 8375-8384.
[17]	LIU Fei, HU Qiwei, JIANG Chenyang, et al. The suppre-ssion performance of fluorinated cooling agents on the lithium-ion batteries fire based on the accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC)[J]. *Therm Sci Engi Prog*, 2023, 42: 101877.
[18]	ZHANG Jianbo, HUANG Jun, LI Zhe, et al. Comparison and validation of methods for estimating heat generation rate of large format lithium-ion batteries[J]. *J Therm Anal Calorimet, 2014, 117*(1): 447 - 461.
[19]	盛雷, 徐海峰, 苏林, 等. 车用磷酸亚铁锂电池的热特性与热物性研究[J]. 汽车工程. 2019, 41(10): 1152-1157. doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2019.010.007
	SHENG L, XU H, SU L, et al. A study on thermal characteristics and thermal properties of vehicular lithium ferro phosphate traction battery[J]. *Autom Engineering*, 2019, 41(10): 1152-1157. (in Chinese)
[20]	Moffat R. Describing the uncertainties in experimental results[J]. *Expe Therm Fluid Sci*, 1988, 1: 3-17.

器材	误差	不确定度/ %
数据采集仪	±0.3%	0.6
热电偶	国家Ⅰ级精度±0.4%	0.8
热流传感器	±2.0%	4.0

器材	误差	不确定度/ %
数据采集仪	±0.3%	0.6
热电偶	国家Ⅰ级精度±0.4%	0.8
热流传感器	±2.0%	4.0