Thermal management system for power batteries based on flat heat pipes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

For the situation where the battery pack composed of lithium-ion batteries operates under conditions with significant heat generation, a thermal management system for a power battery flat heat pipe (FHP) suitable for low temperatures (10 ℃) and high-rate discharge (2C) has been designed. A co-simulation platform combining an electrochemical-thermal coupled battery model and a multi-heat-source thermal resistance network model for the FHP was established and experimentally validated. The results show that the system reduces the battery pack's maximum temperature by 8.63 K and the temperature difference by 10.67 K, at 10 °C and 2C discharge, compared to the condition of pure air cooling. Increasing FHP total thickness from 3 mm to 7 mm lowers the maximum temperature by 8.43 K and the average temperature difference by 4.82 K. Higher external airflow enhances condenser heat dissipation, reducing maximum temperature but increasing the average temperature difference. Conversely, increasing the FHP total thickness or decreasing the dimension-one wick thickness, τ_w, improves the FHP thermal conductivity, with reducing both maximum temperature and average temperature difference, where, τ_w = t_w / (t_w + t_v), t_w is the wick thickness, t_v is the vapor chamber thickness. Experiments confirm accuracy of the model.

Key words: power batteries, thermal management systems, flat heat pipes, electrochemical-thermal coupled model, battery thermal characteristics

CLC Number:

U469.72

DONG Jiashuo, DAN Dan, WEI Mingshan, ZHAO Yihang, ZHANG Yangjun. Thermal management system for power batteries based on flat heat pipes[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(2): 209-217.

Figures/Tables 17

References 19

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外形尺寸	Φ21 mm×70 mm
正极材料	NCM
负极材料	石墨
标称容量	5 Ah
标称电压	3.65 V
工作电压范围	2.5~4.2 V
最大充电电流	5 A
最大放电电流	10 A
质量	69 g

外形尺寸	Φ21 mm×70 mm
正极材料	NCM
负极材料	石墨
标称容量	5 Ah
标称电压	3.65 V
工作电压范围	2.5~4.2 V
最大充电电流	5 A
最大放电电流	10 A
质量	69 g

平板热管总长度，l_FHP	257 mm
平板热管蒸发段长度，l_e	181 mm
平板热管绝热段长度，l_a	7.6 mm
平板热管冷凝段长度，l_c	68.4 mm
平板热管高度，l_h	70.0 mm
平板热管总厚度，t_FHP	5.0 mm
外壳厚度，t_s	1.0 mm
厚度，t_w	1.5 mm
蒸汽腔厚度，t_v	1.5 mm
翅片个数，n_fin	19
翅片长度(x方向)，l_fin	20.6 mm
翅片高度(z方向)，h_fin	70.0 mm
翅片厚度(y方向)，t_fin	0.6 mm
翅片间距，s_fin	3.0 mm
支架长度(y方向)，l_r	181.0 mm
支架宽度(x方向)，w_r	44.5 mm
支架高度(z方向)，h_r	70.0 mm
圆孔直径，R_h	9.0 mm

平板热管总长度，l_FHP	257 mm
平板热管蒸发段长度，l_e	181 mm
平板热管绝热段长度，l_a	7.6 mm
平板热管冷凝段长度，l_c	68.4 mm
平板热管高度，l_h	70.0 mm
平板热管总厚度，t_FHP	5.0 mm
外壳厚度，t_s	1.0 mm
厚度，t_w	1.5 mm
蒸汽腔厚度，t_v	1.5 mm
翅片个数，n_fin	19
翅片长度(x方向)，l_fin	20.6 mm
翅片高度(z方向)，h_fin	70.0 mm
翅片厚度(y方向)，t_fin	0.6 mm
翅片间距，s_fin	3.0 mm
支架长度(y方向)，l_r	181.0 mm
支架宽度(x方向)，w_r	44.5 mm
支架高度(z方向)，h_r	70.0 mm
圆孔直径，R_h	9.0 mm

放电倍率	放电结束时温度/ ℃
放电倍率	θ_a/ ℃ = 10	25	30
0.5C	12.53	27.03	31.97
1.0C	16.23	29.77	34.33
1.5C	20.93	32.90	37.43
2.0C	26.40	37.30	41.47