Current status and development trends of European new energy vehicles

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.02.001

Abstract

Abstract:

This article introduces the current status and development trends of new energy vehicles in Europe, covering the European auto market, the EU’s carbon emission regulations, the new energy promotion policies of EU governments, and the new energy vehicle strategies and technical road-maps of European original equipment manufactures (OEMs). Although the long-term goals of new energy vehicles of major European OEMs are different, because they must comply with the same CO₂ emission regulations, the short-term technical road-maps are similar, that is, pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles go hand in hand. In terms of power batteries, European OEMs have all adopted lithium ion battery technology; In terms of pure electric powertrain system, European OEMs basically adopt the configuration of drive motor combined with single speed reducer; In terms of hybrid powertrain systems, the choice of European OEMs is based on the parallel structure, which has not only potential for optimizing energy transmission efficiency, enriching working modes, but also giving full play to the traditional advantages of European OEMs in engine and transmission technology. It is worth mentioning that dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT) technology has been successfully launched in Europe. This technology can give full play to the advantages of electrified powertrains and is forming a development trend. The EU’s strict CO₂ emission regulations are the biggest driving force to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles in the next few decades. Europe’s strength in traditional automotive technology, production, and sales is also becoming a strong advantage in the development of its new energy vehicles. It is expected that in the next ten years, the share of new energy vehicles in Europe will continue to grow steadily, and new energy vehicles will dominate the European market before 2040

Key words: new energy vehicle, automotive market, CO₂ emission regulations, new energy vehicle strategy, battery electric vehicletechnology, plug-in hybrid vehicle technology

CLC Number:

U469.7

WANG Shanjin, CHENG Yuan. Current status and development trends of European new energy vehicles[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(2): 135-149.

Figures/Tables 15

References 47

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排名	新能源车型	销售量
1	Renault Zoe	99 613
2	Tesla Model 3	87 642
3	Volkswagen ID.3	56 937
4	Hyundai Kona EV	48 537
5	Audi e-tron	35 463
6	Volkswagen e-Golf	33 659
7	Nissan Leaf	31 791
8	Peugeot 208 EV	31 554
9	Kia Niro EV	30 690
10	Mercedes A250e	29 436

排名	新能源车型	销售量
1	Renault Zoe	99 613
2	Tesla Model 3	87 642
3	Volkswagen ID.3	56 937
4	Hyundai Kona EV	48 537
5	Audi e-tron	35 463
6	Volkswagen e-Golf	33 659
7	Nissan Leaf	31 791
8	Peugeot 208 EV	31 554
9	Kia Niro EV	30 690
10	Mercedes A250e	29 436

CO₂排放量 / (g·km^-1）		罚款额 / €
NEDC工况	WLTP工况	罚款额 / €
< 110	< 138	0
110	138	50
120	148	260
130	158	818
140	168	1 901
150	178	3 784
160	188	6 724
170	198	10 980
180	208	16 810
184	212	19 641
> 184	> 212	20 000

CO₂排放量 / (g·km^-1）		罚款额 / €
NEDC工况	WLTP工况	罚款额 / €
< 110	< 138	0
110	138	50
120	148	260
130	158	818
140	168	1 901
150	178	3 784
160	188	6 724
170	198	10 980
180	208	16 810
184	212	19 641
> 184	> 212	20 000

车型	平台	整备质量 / kg	电机种类及指标	减速器速比	电池技术
雷诺Zoe	专属平台	~1 502	EESM电机R135版本,最大功率100 kW,最大转矩245 Nm,最高转速 11 163 r / min	单速	三元锂电池 (LG)
标致e208	兼容平台	~1 455	PMSM,最大功率100 kW,最大转矩260 Nm	单速	三元锂电池 (宁德时代)
大众ID.3	专属平台	~1 800	PMSM,最大功率150 kW,最大转矩310 Nm,最高转速 16 000 r / min	单速, 11.53	三元锂电池 (Samsung)
奥迪e-tron	专属平台	~2 490	2*IM,前电机最大功率135 kW, 最大转矩309 Nm,后电机最大功率165 kW, 最大转矩355 Nm	前后均为采用行星齿轮的单速减速器,9.205/9.205	三元锂电池 (LG)
宝马i3	兼容平台	~1 379	IM,最大功率135 kW,最大转矩270 Nm	单速, 9.665	三元锂电池 (Samsung)