Characteristics of ejected particles from 18650 lithium-ion batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel oxide system during thermal runaway caused by nail penetration

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

An experimental study on acupuncture abuse of cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion batteries with lithium cobalt / nickelate system was carried out under full charge state to reveal the characteristics of lithium-ion battery ejected particles during thermal runaway. The ejected particles were collected and divided into 4 samples according to the ejected particle size ranges of 0~0.1, 0.10~0.25, 0.25~0.5 and > 0.5 mm. The mass, morphology, particle size and elemental composition of the particles were characterized and analyzed. The results show that the mass loss of the battery is 40.22% after thermal runaway, and the ejected particles accounts for 40.64% of the mass loss. The ejected particles with the particle size range of 0~ 0.1mm are mainly spherical or irregular black solid powder with rough surface and cracks. The cumulative volume percentages of ejected particles of 10%, 50% and 90% correspond to the particle diameters of 15.659, 131.457 and 481.643 μm, respectively. The main metal elements in the ejected particles are nickel, aluminum, cobalt, copper and lithium, accounting for 49.98% of the total element content. This study provides a reference for revealing the formation mechanism and reasonable disposal of ejected particles in cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, safety, thermal runaway, ejected particles

CLC Number:

X932
TM911

XUE Yao, LIU Jie, LI Weifeng, GAO Zhenhai, WANG Hewu. Characteristics of ejected particles from 18650 lithium-ion batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel oxide system during thermal runaway caused by nail penetration[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(2): 193-198.

Figures/Tables 9

References 24

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电池质量	46.5 g	充电电压	(4.20±0.03) V
电池类型	18650	充电电流	1.675 A
高度	65 mm	阴极活性材料	钴酸锂、镍酸锂
直径	18 mm	阳极活性材料	石墨、硅
标称容量	3.3 Ah	阴极集流体	铝箔
标称电压	3.6 V	阳极集流体	铜箔
放电截止电压	2.5 V	外壳材料	镀锌钢

电池质量	46.5 g	充电电压	(4.20±0.03) V
电池类型	18650	充电电流	1.675 A
高度	65 mm	阴极活性材料	钴酸锂、镍酸锂
直径	18 mm	阳极活性材料	石墨、硅
标称容量	3.3 Ah	阴极集流体	铝箔
标称电压	3.6 V	阳极集流体	铜箔
放电截止电压	2.5 V	外壳材料	镀锌钢