Abstract: Bus impacts induced pedestrian casualties should not be neglected. To prevent these vehicle
traffic injuries, the dynamic responses and the injury biomechanics were investigated for the pedestrian moving
response in bus-pedestrian collisions. A computer model was developed for a production bus by using a multibody
(MB) dynamics program. Computer simulations were carried out in terms of the pedestrian walking
postures, the bus front-structure design-parameters, and the different impact conditions. The results show that
the pedestrian initial state and the bus-front geometry characteristics determine the rotation orientation and the
thrown patterns of pedestrians. Pedestrians suffer usually fatal injuries when impact speed exceeds 40 km/h.
Restricting the bus travel speed, reducing evenly the bus front structure stiffness, and reducing the bus front
ground clearance within proper traffic ability, the three methods can minimize pedestrian injury risks.

Key words: automotive engineering, passive safety, pedestrian protection, bus, crash simulation, parameter analysis, multi-body (MB)