The influence of rotational speed of pedestrian head-to-vehicle collision on brain tissue response

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.007

Abstract

Abstract:

A distribution of pedestrian head-vehicle impact linear/rotational speed was firstly obtained by kinematics reconstruction of 46 real world cases to investigate the effect of pedestrian head rotational speed on brain injury risk in vehicle collisions. A finite element (FE) simulations of head-to-windscreen and head-to-bonnet impacts was conducted with these data, and the brain response was analyzed under different head rotational/linear speeds and collision locations. The results show that in head-to-windshield impacts, the maximum principal stress and Von Mises stress increase with the increase of head rotational speed when the linear speed is less than 40 km/h, and the rotational speed has no significant effect on brain response when the linear speed is greater than 40 km/h; for head-to-bonnet impacts, the maximum principal stress and Von Mises stress increase with the increase of head rotational speed under all impact conditions, leading to significant increase in brain injury risk. It is suggested that the effect of head rotational speed and the difference between windshield and bonnet impact should be considered in vehicle safety evaluation.

Key words: pedestrian collision reconstruction, head rotational speed, brain injury, finite element (FE) modeling

CLC Number:

U461.91

LIU Jinming, MA Huaxing, LI Kui, LI Guibing. The influence of rotational speed of pedestrian head-to-vehicle collision on brain tissue response[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(1): 70-78.

Figures/Tables 9

References 34

[1]	World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018: Summary[R]. Geneva,Switzerland, 2018.
[2]	Fahlstedt M, Halldin P, Kleiven S. Comparison of multibody and finite element human body models in pedestrian accidents with the focus on head kinematics[J]. Traffic Injur Prev, 2016,17(3):320-327.
[3]	Otte D, Jänsch M, Haasper C. Injury protection and accident causation parameters for vulnerable road users based on German In-Depth Accident Study GIDAS[J]. Accid Anal Preve, 2012,44(1):149-153.
[4]	YANG Jikuang. Review of injury biomechanics in car-pedestrian collisions[J]. Int’l J Vehi Safe, 2005,1(1/2/3):100-117.
[5]	Simms C, Wood D. Pedestrian and Cyclist Impact[M]. Springer, 2009: 76-77.
[6]	Schmitt K, Niederer P, Muser M, et al. Trauma Biomechanics (3rd Edit)[M]. Springer, 2010: 55-78.
[7]	Gennarelli T, Ommaya A, Thibault L. Comparison of translational and rotational head motions in experimental cerebral concussion[R]. SAE Tech Papers, 710882, 1971.
[8]	Margulies S S, Thibault L E, Gennarelli T A. Physical model simulations of brain injury in the primate[J]. J Biomech, 1990,23(8):823-836.
[9]	Otte D. Severity and mechanism of head impacts in car-to-pedestrian accidents[C]// Proceed Int’l Res Council on Biomechanics of Injury IRCOBI) Conf. 1999,27:329-341.
[10]	Mizuno K, Kajzer J. Head injuries in vehicle-pedestrian impact [R]. SAE Tech Papers, 2000,1:29-40.
[11]	CHEN Yong, YANG Jikuang, XU Wei. A study on head injury risk in car-to-pedestrian collisions using fe-model [R]. SAE Tech Papers, 2009: 1-9.
[12]	PENG Yong, CHEN Yong, YANG Jikuang, et al. A study of pedestrian and bicyclist exposure to head injury in passenger car collisions based on accident data and simulations[J]. Safe Sci, 2012,50(9):1949-1959.
[13]	冯成建, 王富平, 徐臣, 等. 基于车人碰撞事故重建的行人头部动力学响应[J]. 医用生物力学, 2013,28(2):164-170.
	FENG Chengjian, WANG Fuping, XU Chen, et al. Head dynamic response based on reconstruction of vehicle-pedestrian accidents with the video[J]. J Medi Biomech, 2013,28(2):164-170. (in Chinese)
[14]	刘博涵. 汽车风挡玻璃夹层材料的力学特性与吸能机理研究[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2014.
	LIU Bohan. Research on mechanical characteristics and energy absorption mechanism of windscreen inter-layered material[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2014.(in Chinese)
[15]	WANG Jiawen, WANG Runhao, GAO Wei, et al. Numerical investigation of impact injury of a human head during contact interaction with a windshield glazing considering mechanical failure[J]. Int’l J Impact Engi, 2020: 103577.
[16]	Gadd C. Use of a weighted-impulse criterion for estimating injury hazard[R]. SAE Tech Papers, 660793,1966: 95-100.
[17]	Ommaya A K, Yarnell P, Hirsch A E, et al. Scaling of experimental data on cerebral concussion in sub-human primates to concussion threshold fro man[C]// Proceed 11th Stapp Car Crash Conf. California, USA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1967:73-80.
[18]	C-NCAP. Management Regulation (2021 Version)[S]. China New Car Assessment Programme. China Automotive Technology and Research Center, 2020.
[19]	Euro-NCAP. Assessment Protocol-Vulnerable Road User Protection (Version 10.0.3)[S]. European New Car Assessment Programme, 2020.
[20]	TASS. MADYMO Human Body Models Manual Release 7.5[M]. Helmand,The Netherlands: TASS, 2013: 88-107.
[21]	Elliott J, Lyons M, Kerrigan J, et al. Predictive capabilities of the MADYMO multi-body pedestrian model: three-dimensional head translation and rotation, head impact time and head impact velocity[J]. P I Mech Eng k-j Mul, 2012,226(K3):266-277.
[22]	YU Chao, WANG Fang, WANG Bingyu, et al. A computational biomechanics human body model coupling finite element and multibody segments for assessment of head/brain injuries in car-to-pedestrian collisions[J]. Int’l J Envi Res Publ Heal, 2020,17(2):492-492.
[23]	Martinez L, Guerra L J, Ferichola G, et al. Stiffness corridors of the European fleet for pedestrian simulation[C]// Proceed 20th ESV, Lyon, France, 2007,No:07-0267.
[24]	Toyota Motor Corporation. THUMS User’s Manual. Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Aichi,Japan, 2011.
[25]	冯成建. 基于典型交通事故的颅脑损伤力学机制研究[D]. 重庆: 第三军医大学, 2013.
	FENG Jiancheng. Research on the mechanism of traumatic brain injury based on typical traffic accident[D]. Chongqing: Third Military Medical University, 2013.(in Chinese)
[26]	NCAC. Finite element model of Honda accord. National Crash Analysis Center Vehicle Model Library, NCAC, 2017[EB / OL]. [2017-04-15]. http://www.ncac.gwu.edu/vml/models.html.
[27]	PENG Yong, YANG Jikuang, Deck C, et al. Finite element modeling of crash test behavior for windshield laminated glass[J]. Int’l J Impact Engi, 2013,57(7):27-35.
[28]	Willinger R, Baumgartner D. Human head tolerance limits to specific injury mechanisms[J]. Int’l J Crashworthiness, 2003,8(6):605-617.
[29]	Raul J S, Baumgartner D, Willinger R, et al. Finite element modelling of human head injuries caused by a fall[J]. Int’l J Legal Med, 2006,120(4):212-218.
[30]	Deck C, Willinger R. Improved head injury criteria based on head FE model[J]. Int’l J Crashworthiness, 2008,13(6):667-678.
[31]	Chawla A, Grover V, Mukherjee S, et al. Car accident reconstruction and head injury correlation[J]. J Chin Instit Engi, 2013,94(2):113-121.
[32]	YAO Jianfeng, YANG Jikuang, Otte D. Investigation of head injuries by reconstructions of real-world vehicle-versus-adult-pedestrian accidents[J]. Safe Sci, 2008,46(7):1103-1114.
[33]	HUANG Jing, PENG Yong, YANG Jikuang, et al. A study on correlation of pedestrian head injuries with physical parameters using in-depth traffic accident data and mathematical models[J]. Accid Anal Preve, 2018,119(10):91-103.
[34]	Takhounts E G, Craig M J, Moorhouse K, et al. Development of Brain Injury Criteria (BrIC)[J]. Stapp Car Crash J, 2013,57:243-266.