基于AMESim的质子交换膜燃料电池测试系统仿真与实验分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了辅助燃料电池测试系统的开发以及运行参数调控，需要通过构建系统仿真模型进行系统关键参数匹配优化和性能分析评价，从而制定燃料电池测试系统的控制策略，提升系统的性能和可靠性。该文根据燃料电池堆测试台原理拓扑结构确定所需关键零部件，建立零部件模型并搭建燃料电池测试系统仿真模型，并按照实验要求对系统模型中各零部件进行参数标定；通过模拟仿真对测试系统中关键性能参数输出结果进行预测和评估；并将仿真结果与实际测试数据进行对比分析。结果表明：燃料电池测试系统的实验数据与建立的模型仿真结果一致性较高，计算所得燃料电池的各项参数指标的平均绝对百分比误差最大为3.65%。该模型可用于燃料电池测试台的性能研究和控制策略优化，为测试系统开发以及提高燃料电池动态响应性能提供了有效的仿真工具支持。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 测试系统, 高级工程建模与仿真平台（AMESim）, 模型验证, 评价分析

Abstract:

In order to assist the development of the fuel cell test system and the regulation of operating parameters, it is necessary to construct a system simulation model to optimize the matching of key parameters and analyze and evaluate the performance of the system, so as to formulate the control strategy of the fuel cell test system and improve the performance and reliability of the system. The key components were determined according to the topological structure of the fuel cell stack test bench, component models were established and simulation models of the fuel cell test system were built, and parameters of each component in the system model were calibrated according to the experimental requirements. The output results of key performance parameters in the test system were predicted and evaluated by simulation, and the simulation results were compared with the actual test data. The results show that the experimental data of the fuel cell test system is in high agreement with the simulation results of the established model, and the calculated average absolute percentage error of each parameter index of the fuel cell is 3.65% at most. The model can be used for the performance research of the fuel cell test bench and the optimization of control strategy. It provides an effective simulation tool support for developing test system and improving dynamic response performance of fuel cell.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, test system, Advanced Engineering Modeling and Simulation Platform (AMESim), model verification, evaluation and analysis

中图分类号:

TK91

周天鹏, 牛礼民, 音建华, 司铭. 基于AMESim的质子交换膜燃料电池测试系统仿真与实验分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(2): 252-259.

ZHOU Tianpeng, NIU Limin, YIN Jianhua, SI Ming. Simulation and experimental analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell test system based on AMESim[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(2): 252-259.

图/表 16

图1 燃料电池测试系统基本构型

图2 燃料电池测试系统仿真模型

电堆质量，M_stack	8 kg
单电池活化面积，S_stack	300 cm²
单电池数量，N_stack	16 片
阴极对流换热面积，S_Ca	500 cm²
阳极对流换热面积，S_An	500 cm²

表1 电堆模型关键参数

图3 电堆极化曲线输出特性

氢气初始压力，p(H₂)	0.3 MPa
空气初始压力，p_Air	0.28 MPa
氢气增湿器容腔体积，V(H₂)	1.5 L
空气增湿器容腔体积，V_Air	4.5 L
增湿器水温，θ(H₂O)	60 ℃

表2 氢气与空气子系统模型关键参数

图4 空气与氢气的进堆湿度变化

图5 循环水泵特性曲线

加热罐体积，V_t	15 L
冷却水初始温度，θ_i	65 ℃
散热风扇等效面积，S_f	168 cm2
环境压力，p_e	0.101 3 MPa

表3 冷却子系统关键参数

图6 测试工况与电堆实际输出电流

图7 电堆输出电压仿真与实验对比结果

图8 电堆输出功率仿真与实验对比结果

图9 电堆阴极入口压力仿真与实验结果对比

图10 电堆阳极入口压力仿真与实验结果对比

图11 电堆阴极入口流量仿真与实验结果对比

图12 电堆阳极入口流量仿真与实验结果对比

图13 电堆出口水温仿真与实验结果对比

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