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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 483-491.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2019.04.010

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质子交换膜燃料电池单片间一致性的阻抗特性 (英文) 

孙卫华,徐梁飞,胡尊严,江宏亮,李建秋*,欧阳明高   

  1. (汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,清华大学,北京 100084,中国)
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-16 出版日期:2019-12-31 发布日期:2020-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 李建秋(1972—),男(汉),广西,教授。E-mail: lijianqiu@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author : 孙卫华(1989 —),男(土家族),重庆,硕士研究生。E-mail: 568834043@qq.com。 第二作者 / Second author : 徐梁飞(1982—),男(汉),浙江,副教授。E-mail: xuliangfei@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
     国家重点研发计划 ( 2017YFB0102704),国家自然科学基金资助项目 (51576113 and U1564209),北京科技委 员会资助项目 (Z181100004518004, D171100007517002),清华大学自主研发项目 (2015THZ02-1, 20151080411)。

Impedance Characteristics of Cell-to-Cell Inconsistency of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

SUN Weihua, XU Liangfei, HU Zunyan, JIANG Hongliang, LI Jianqiu*, OUYANG Minggao   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Received:2019-04-16 Online:2019-12-31 Published:2020-01-01

摘要: 为了更好地分析电堆在不同运行条件下的一致性,提出了一种基于交流阻抗模型的参数辨识 和质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电堆一致性分析方法。基于阴极催化剂层(CCL)反应机理建立燃料 电池阻抗模型,提出了结合遗传算法(GA)和非线性最小二乘法(NLS)的参数拟合方法,对燃料电池 5 个内部参数(塔菲斜率,阴极催化剂层的质子电导率,双电层电容,气体扩散层的氧气扩散率和阴极催化剂层的氧气扩散率)进行了拟合;设计并进行了50片电堆在 2 种不同进气湿度条件下的低电流 密度实验,用提出的参数拟合方法辨识了其中 6 个单片的内部参数,分析了电堆在这两种运行条件下 的一致性。结果表明:该参数拟合方法能够有效地拟合出燃料电池 5 个内部参数,利用这些拟合参数 能很好地分析燃料电池电堆在不同进气湿度下的一致性;提高进气湿度有利于提高燃料电池电堆在低 电流密度下的一致性。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC), 电化学阻抗谱(EIS), 交 流阻抗模型, 参数辨识, 遗传算 法(GA) , 非线性最小二乘法(NLS)

Abstract:  A parameter extraction and consistency analysis of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was proposed based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to clarify the consistency of the PEMFC stacks under different conditions.  An EIS model, which is derived from the reaction mechanism in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL), was introduced followed by an introduction to the parameter extraction workflow based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and the nonlinear least squares (NLS) algorithm. Five parameters (i.e., the Tafel slope, CCL proton conductivity, double layer capacity, and the oxygen diffusion coefficients in the gas diffusion layer and CCL) were identified using this workflow. Experiments under different dew point temperatures of the membrane humidifier on a short fuel cell stack with 50 single cells were conducted. The impedances of 6 cells in the stack were measured, and the parameters of the 6 cells were extracted. The inconsistency within the stack was then evaluated. The results show that the parameter extraction method based on the GA and NLS is effective for identifying the parameters of the fuel cell; cell performance inconsistencies can be clearly identified using EIS parameters and normalized parameters; and the consistency of the stack improves when the provided gas is moister under low current density.

Key words: polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), impedance model, parameter extraction, genetic algorithm (GA), nonlinear least squares (NLS)