仿生雪花液冷通道散热器的性能优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决汽车电子器件在运行时难以满足散热需求等问题，提出了一种用于电动汽车和自动驾驶系统电子器件的新型仿生雪花液冷通道散热器。对散热器的结构、分支通道的数量以及宽度的优化是研究的关键。首先采用单因素优化方法对基础结构进行一系列优化，包括出口数量以及位置、分支通道数量、渐缩分支通道并加入二次液冷通道；然后对分支通道的宽度进行单因素分析；最后，以散热器的压降和平均温度作为目标函数，对散热器内部通道结构进行多目标优化。结果表明：经过多目标优化后的模型有着较为良好的散热性能，其压降和平均温度分别为262.81 Pa、312.67 K，相比于初始结构压降降低了8.15%，平均温度降低了1.95%。

关键词: 液体冷却散热器, 电子器件, 多目标优化, 仿生雪花

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems such as the difficulty of meeting the heat dissipation requirements of automobile electronic devices during operation, a new bionic snowflake liquid-cooled channel heat sink for electronic devices of electric vehicles and autonomous driving systems was proposed. The key of the research was to optimize the structure of the radiator, the number and width of the branch channels. Firstly, the single factor optimization method was used to optimize the basic structure, including the number and location of exits, the number of branch channels, the decreasing branch channels and the addition of secondary liquid cooling channels. Then a one-factor analysis of the width of the branching channels was performed. Finally, taking the pressure drop and average temperature of the radiator as the objective function, the internal channel structure of the radiator is optimized with multiple objectives. The results show that the model after multi-objective optimization has a relatively good heat dissipation performance, with a pressure drop and average temperature of 262.81 Pa and 312.67 K, respectively, which is 8.15% lower than the initial structure's pressure drop and 1.95% lower than the average temperature.

Key words: liquid-cooled heat sink, electronics, multi-objective optimization, bionic snowflake

中图分类号:

U464.1388

陶佳辉, 张甫仁, 孙世政, 邱帅帅, 王烽, 陶远兵, 谭海坤, 李龙辉. 仿生雪花液冷通道散热器的性能优化[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(1): 107-116.

TAO Jiahui, ZHANG Furen, SUN Shizheng, QIU Shuaishuai, WANG Feng, TAO Yuanbing, TAN Haikun, LI Longhui. Performance optimization of bionic snowflake liquid-cooled channel heat sinks[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(1): 107-116.

图/表 23

参考文献 30

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实验仪器	型号	精度
卡默尔智能蠕动泵	550	(±) 5%
数据采集仪	LD5200	(±) 0.2% FS
恒温恒湿箱	SPX-350B	(±) 0.5 ℃
温度传感器	PT100	(±) 0.15 ℃
玻璃转子流量计	LZB-4WB	(±) 2.5 ℃
数显恒温水浴锅	HH-4	(±) 0.5 ℃

实验仪器	型号	精度
卡默尔智能蠕动泵	550	(±) 5%
数据采集仪	LD5200	(±) 0.2% FS
恒温恒湿箱	SPX-350B	(±) 0.5 ℃
温度传感器	PT100	(±) 0.15 ℃
玻璃转子流量计	LZB-4WB	(±) 2.5 ℃
数显恒温水浴锅	HH-4	(±) 0.5 ℃

流量/ (g·s^-1)	模拟温度/ K	实验温度/ K	相对误差/ %
1	302.25	302.94	0.23
2	298.92	299.13	0.07
3	297.61	298.07	0.15
4	296.81	297.53	0.24
5	296.30	297.29	0.33

流量/ (g·s^-1)	模拟温度/ K	实验温度/ K	相对误差/ %
1	302.25	302.94	0.23
2	298.92	299.13	0.07
3	297.61	298.07	0.15
4	296.81	297.53	0.24
5	296.30	297.29	0.33

范围	X1 / mm	X2 / mm	X3 / mm	X4 / mm
上限	1.5	1.1	0.7	0.6
初值	1.5	1.1	0.7	0.6
下限	1.1	0.7	0.6	0.4