男性老龄乘员年龄增长对损伤风险的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究年龄增长对男性老龄乘员损伤风险的影响规律，以Hybrid Ⅲ 50th男性假人为基础，结合中国60~79岁男性老年人身体尺寸，采用MADYMO软件建立具有中国老龄人体特征的多体假人模型。通过耦合乘员座椅约束系统模型，对比分析了4个年龄组（60~64、65~69、70~74、75~79岁）乘员头部、胸部、大腿和综合伤害指标WIC值与年龄因素之间的影响关系，提出了随年龄增长的老龄乘员损伤风险概率模型。结果表明：随着老龄乘员年龄的增长，头部HIC值和合成加速度值、胸部加速度值和压缩量、综合伤害WIC值呈线性上升趋势；当年龄超过74岁时，胸部3 ms加速度值呈“陡峭”指数上升趋势；随着年龄的增长，老龄乘员伤害程度与年龄呈显著的强正相关性（r > 0.97， p < 0.05）。

关键词: 汽车被动安全, 年龄增长, 老龄乘员, 损伤风险概率模型, 约束系统, 模型缩放

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of increasing age on the injury risk of male elderly occupants, MADYMO software was used to establish multi-body dummy models combined with the human body size of Chinese 60-79 years old male elderly, based on the Hybrid Ⅲ 50-percentile male dummy. By coupling the model of occupant seat restraint system, the influence relationship between head, chest, thigh and weighted injury criteria (WIC) and age factors of male elderly occupants in 4 age groups (60-64, 65-69, 70-74 and 75-79 years old) was compared and analyzed, and a probability model of injury risk for elderly occupants with increasing age was proposed. The results showed that the HIC value of head, the integrate acceleration value, chest acceleration value and compression value, and the WIC value of comprehensive damage increase linearly with the increasing of the age of elderly occupants; When the age is over 74 years old, the chest 3 ms acceleration shows a steep index upward trend; With the increasing of age, the injury risk of male elderly occupants is significantly positively correlated with age (r > 0.97, p < 0.05).

Key words: automotive passive safety, increasing age, elderly occupant, probability model of injury risk, restraint system, model scaler

中图分类号:

U461.91

唐友名, 谢祥键, 孙贵斌, 王平, 张义, 孙冠豫. 男性老龄乘员年龄增长对损伤风险的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(4): 413-420.

TANG Youming, XIE Xiangjian, SUN Guibin, WANG Ping, ZHANG Yi, SUN Guanyu. Effect of increasing age on injury risk in elderly male occupant[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(4): 413-420.

图/表 16

参考文献 16

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年龄组	60-64岁	65-69岁	70-74岁	75-79岁
体质量/ kg	69.0	68.1	66.7	65.6
站立身高/ cm	165.9	165.4	164.6	164.2
座姿高度/ cm	121.7	120.5	119.3	118.0
头部长度/ cm	20.5	20.5	20.4	20.4
肩部到肘部长度/ cm	28.6	27.9	27.5	27.2
前臂到手长/ cm	41.7	41.4	41.0	40.9
脚长/ cm	23.2	23.1	22.9	22.7
手长/ cm	17.3	17.2	17.1	17.1

年龄组	60-64岁	65-69岁	70-74岁	75-79岁
体质量/ kg	69.0	68.1	66.7	65.6
站立身高/ cm	165.9	165.4	164.6	164.2
座姿高度/ cm	121.7	120.5	119.3	118.0
头部长度/ cm	20.5	20.5	20.4	20.4
肩部到肘部长度/ cm	28.6	27.9	27.5	27.2
前臂到手长/ cm	41.7	41.4	41.0	40.9
脚长/ cm	23.2	23.1	22.9	22.7
手长/ cm	17.3	17.2	17.1	17.1

损伤指标	实验值	仿真值	误差/ %
HIC₁₅	247.87	234.98	5.20
a_h-peak / g	52.76	48.85	7.41
a_c-peak/ g	51.50	53.15	3.20
D / mm	32.10	34.89	8.70
F_L-peak / kN	1.930	1.832	5.10
F_R-peak / kN	1.485	1.558	4.91
WIC	0.602	0.570	5.32

损伤指标	实验值	仿真值	误差/ %
HIC₁₅	247.87	234.98	5.20
a_h-peak / g	52.76	48.85	7.41
a_c-peak/ g	51.50	53.15	3.20
D / mm	32.10	34.89	8.70
F_L-peak / kN	1.930	1.832	5.10
F_R-peak / kN	1.485	1.558	4.91
WIC	0.602	0.570	5.32

假人模型	HIC₁₅	相对变化率 %	合成加速度 g	相对变化率 %
60~64岁	150.2	—	40.6	—
65~69岁	187.1	24.57	44.2	8.87
70~74岁	227.4	21.54	48.1	8.82
75~79岁	253.6	11.52	50.6	5.20