正面碰撞时后排乘员的下潜损伤及其防护方案

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为设计乘员约束系统的防下潜设施,研究了乘员下潜的产生机理。使用有限元方法(FEM),对比了混III假人、FAST GHBMC和THUMS这3种后排乘员模型在正面碰撞中的下潜趋势;并发现：乘员的下潜与脊椎的变形相关。运用高生物逼真度的THUMS人体模型,设计了防护后排乘员下潜的设施;改进了乘员约束系统的参数,对比了不同约束系统参数对人体头部、胸部等部位的损伤的影响。在乘员其他损伤指标满足相关法规的要求下,选定了增大坐垫角度、增长坐垫长度、加装防下潜档杆等6种防下潜方案。结果表明：其中以加装防下潜档杆方案为最优,其最大安全带滑移距离仅为7 mm。

关键词: 车辆安全, 乘员约束系统, 乘员下潜, 乘员损伤, 有限元模型(FEM)

Abstract:

The mechanism occurring occupant submarining was investigated to design an anti-submarining facilities of occupant restraint system. An finite element method (FEM) was used to compares the submarining tendency of different rear occupant FEMs (Hybrid III, FAST GHBMC and THUMS) in frontal crash, and found that the submarining trend of the occupant was related to the deformation of spine. The THUMS human model with high bio-realism was used to design submarining protection facilities for rear passengers with improving parameters of occupant restraint system to comparing the effects on the head, chest and other parts of human body. Six anti-submarining schemes are selected, such as increasing seat cushion angle, increasing seat cushion length and installing anti- submarining facilities under the condition that other occupant damage indexes meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations. The results show that the optimal anti- submarining scheme is to install anti- submarining lever with a maximum safety-belt slip-distance of only 7 mm.

Key words: vehicle safety, occupant restrained system, occupant submarining, occupant injuries, finite element models (FEM)

中图分类号:

U467.1+3

王东林, 胡子辰, 赵亮, 靳鹏飞, 唐亮. 正面碰撞时后排乘员的下潜损伤及其防护方案[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(4): 467-474.

WANG Donglin, HU Zichen, ZHAO Liang, JIN Pengfei, TANG Liang. Submarining injury mechanism and its protect measures for rear seat occupant under frontal impact[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(4): 467-474.

图/表 13

参考文献 18

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方案序号	调整参数	调整量	影响参数
1	座椅坐垫角度	增大15°	θ_P、θ_B
2	座椅坐垫长度	增大100 mm	θ_B
3	地板固定点	前移100 mm	θ_P、θ_B
4	防下潜档杆	加装	θ_B
5	地板固定点	降低100 mm	θ_B
6	前排座椅距离	减小100 mm	θ_P、θ_B

方案序号	调整参数	调整量	影响参数
1	座椅坐垫角度	增大15°	θ_P、θ_B
2	座椅坐垫长度	增大100 mm	θ_B
3	地板固定点	前移100 mm	θ_P、θ_B
4	防下潜档杆	加装	θ_B
5	地板固定点	降低100 mm	θ_B
6	前排座椅距离	减小100 mm	θ_P、θ_B

方案	ΔL_max / mm
方案	左侧	右侧
1	8.06	22.18
2	9.28	14.27
3	13.65	72.35
4	1.64	7.19
5	6.57	21.11
6	17.57	31.00

方案	ΔL_max / mm
方案	左侧	右侧
1	8.06	22.18
2	9.28	14.27
3	13.65	72.35
4	1.64	7.19
5	6.57	21.11
6	17.57	31.00

方案	a / g			D_Ch / mm	F / kN
方案	头部	胸部	骨盆	D_Ch / mm	左侧大腿	右侧大腿	腰椎轴向
1	64.2	49.2	47.0	1.2	0.5	0.7	1.1
2	61.5	45.3	53.5	2.1	0.3	0.4	2.3
3	54.1	64.0	69.2	5.6	1.4	0.9	2.6
4	59.0	41.8	46.7	0.5	0.3	0.4	2.2
5	58.5	80.1	49.8	4.7	1.0	0.4	2.3
6	49.0	38.9	53.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0