电动客车车门振动特征和加速寿命试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了保证电动客车车门的安全性和可靠性,采用汽车试验场模拟汽车行驶全寿命过程,进行加速寿命试验。对比分析了城市道路和试验场石块道路行驶过程中电动客车车门振动加速度信号的时域和频域特征。基于疲劳损伤可靠性理论,建立了加速寿命试验模型,计算了加速寿命试验时间。结果表明：车门振动以1~20 Hz的低频振动为主,顶部振动大于底部振动,3个方向振动大小依次为垂向、纵向、横向;客车石块道路的振动量级远大于城市道路的振动量级,振动频域分布特征基本相同。采用前车门支柱下安装点的振动数据,城市道路运行2.88 万h可缩短至石块道路运行8.11 h,即可达到全寿命可靠性验证效果。

关键词: 电动客车车门, 安全性和可靠性, 振动特征, 加速寿命试验, 试验场石块道路

Abstract:

The electric-bus full-driving-life test was simulated on the automotive proving ground to accelerate the full-driving-life test to ensure electric-bus safety and reliability. The time domain and frequency domain characteristics were analyzed on the city road or the stone road for the vibration acceleration signals of the electric bus door. The accelerated life test model was established based on the fatigue damage reliability theory to calculate the accelerated life testing time. The results show that the vibration frequency is mainly from 1 Hz to 20 Hz, the vibration of the top is more serious than that of bottom, and the vibration direction from large to small is vertical, longitudinal and transverse, respectively; the vibration on the stone road is much larger than that on the city road, but the vibration frequency domain distributions are basically the same. Adopting the vibration data of the front door pillar mounting point, the running time 28 800 h on the urban road is reduced to 8.11 h on the stone road to achieve the reliability verification effect of the full life.

Key words: electric bus doors, safety and reliability, vibration characteristics, accelerated life test, stone road of proving ground

中图分类号:

U467.1

冯晓乐. 电动客车车门振动特征和加速寿命试验[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(2): 276-281.

FENG Xiaole. Vibration characteristics of electric bus doors and the accelerated life test[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(2): 276-281.

图/表 6

参考文献 15

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路况类型	振动方向	a_max / (m·s^-2)				RMS / (m·s^-2)
路况类型	振动方向	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4
城市道路	纵向	1.00	1.31	1.01	2.09	0.23	0.24	0.23	0.28
	横向	0.97	1.13	1.53	1.30	0.12	0.22	0.21	0.22
	垂向	1.84	1.43	1.72	1.50	0.31	0.28	0.35	0.33
石块道路	纵向	19.26	229.75	4.58	162.77	4.48	10.57	1.83	14.40
	横向	15.70	176.34	3.84	125.80	4.25	9.72	1.68	14.25
	垂向	88.03	217.28	6.00	170.22	6.54	13.86	2.52	16.78

路况类型	振动方向	a_max / (m·s^-2)				RMS / (m·s^-2)
路况类型	振动方向	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4
城市道路	纵向	1.00	1.31	1.01	2.09	0.23	0.24	0.23	0.28
	横向	0.97	1.13	1.53	1.30	0.12	0.22	0.21	0.22
	垂向	1.84	1.43	1.72	1.50	0.31	0.28	0.35	0.33
石块道路	纵向	19.26	229.75	4.58	162.77	4.48	10.57	1.83	14.40
	横向	15.70	176.34	3.84	125.80	4.25	9.72	1.68	14.25
	垂向	88.03	217.28	6.00	170.22	6.54	13.86	2.52	16.78

路况类型	振动方向	f / Hz				ASD / [(m·s^-2)²·Hz^-1]
路况类型	振动方向	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4
城市道路	纵向	12	12	16	16	0.002 44	0.008 35	0.008 87	0.005 41
	横向	3	16	16	12	0.000 36	0.007 66	0.007 25	0.003 36
	垂向	16	13	12	16	0.010 14	0.012 98	0.018 36	0.011 30
石块道路	纵向	12	3	12	3	0.374 18	35.888	0.447 86	37.849 0
	横向	18	3	18	3	0.069 33	17.909	0.320 42	3.848 1
	垂向	3	3	11	3	1.939 10	93.760	0.478 64	45.976 0

路况类型	振动方向	f / Hz				ASD / [(m·s^-2)²·Hz^-1]
路况类型	振动方向	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4
城市道路	纵向	12	12	16	16	0.002 44	0.008 35	0.008 87	0.005 41
	横向	3	16	16	12	0.000 36	0.007 66	0.007 25	0.003 36
	垂向	16	13	12	16	0.010 14	0.012 98	0.018 36	0.011 30
石块道路	纵向	12	3	12	3	0.374 18	35.888	0.447 86	37.849 0
	横向	18	3	18	3	0.069 33	17.909	0.320 42	3.848 1
	垂向	3	3	11	3	1.939 10	93.760	0.478 64	45.976 0

测试点	β				T_t / h
测试点	纵向	横向	垂向	平均值	T_t / h
点1	19.48	35.42	21.10	25.33	0.070 0
点2	44.04	44.18	49.50	45.91	0.006 5
点3	7.96	8.00	7.20	7.72	8.113 1
点4	51.43	64.77	50.85	55.68	0.003 0