基于平板热管的动力电池热管理系统

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.006

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 209-217.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.02.006

基于平板热管的动力电池热管理系统

董佳硕¹(), 丹聃¹^,²^,^*(), 魏名山¹^,³, 赵一航¹, 张杨军⁴

¹ 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081，中国
² 北京理工大学国家安全与发展研究院，北京 100081，中国
³ 中国矿业大学（北京）机电工程学院，北京 100083，中国
⁴ 清华大学车辆与运载学院，北京 100084，中国

收稿日期:2025-02-20 修回日期:2026-02-14 出版日期:2026-04-30 发布日期:2026-04-30
通讯作者: *丹聃，预聘助理教授。E-mail：dandan@bit.edu.cn。
作者简介:董佳硕（2000—），女（汉），河北，硕士研究生。E-mail：17363193321@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52202434);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52376043);智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室开放基金课题(KFZ2404)

Thermal management system for power batteries based on flat heat pipes

DONG Jiashuo¹(), DAN Dan¹^,²^,^*(), WEI Mingshan¹^,³, ZHAO Yihang¹, ZHANG Yangjun⁴

¹ School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
² Center for Strategic Research on Frontier and Interdisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
³ School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
⁴ School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2026-02-14 Online:2026-04-30 Published:2026-04-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对锂离子电池并联组成的电池组产热较大的工况，设计了一种适用于低温（10 ℃）、高倍率放电（2C）的动力电池平板热管（FHP）的热管理系统。构建了电池电化学—热耦合模型与多热源热阻网络模型的联合仿真平台，并进行了实验验证。结果表明：在10 ℃、2C放电工况下，与纯风冷相比，该热管理系统电池组最高温度下降8.63 K，最大温差下降10.67 K。当平板热管总厚度由3 mm增至7 mm时，电池组最高温度降低了8.43 K，最大平均温差降低了4.82 K。外部风速的增大，降低了最高温度，但增大了最大平均温差；平板热管总厚度的增加和毛细芯量纲为1的厚度τ_w的减小，改善了热管导热性能，降低最高温度和最大平均温差，其中，τ_w = t_w / (t_w + t_v) ，t_w为毛细芯厚度，t_v为蒸汽腔厚度。实验也验证了模型的准确性。

关键词: 动力电池, 热管理系统, 平板热管（FHP）, 电化学—热耦合模型, 电池热特性

Abstract:

For the situation where the battery pack composed of lithium-ion batteries operates under conditions with significant heat generation, a thermal management system for a power battery flat heat pipe (FHP) suitable for low temperatures (10 ℃) and high-rate discharge (2C) has been designed. A co-simulation platform combining an electrochemical-thermal coupled battery model and a multi-heat-source thermal resistance network model for the FHP was established and experimentally validated. The results show that the system reduces the battery pack's maximum temperature by 8.63 K and the temperature difference by 10.67 K, at 10 °C and 2C discharge, compared to the condition of pure air cooling. Increasing FHP total thickness from 3 mm to 7 mm lowers the maximum temperature by 8.43 K and the average temperature difference by 4.82 K. Higher external airflow enhances condenser heat dissipation, reducing maximum temperature but increasing the average temperature difference. Conversely, increasing the FHP total thickness or decreasing the dimension-one wick thickness, τ_w, improves the FHP thermal conductivity, with reducing both maximum temperature and average temperature difference, where, τ_w = t_w / (t_w + t_v), t_w is the wick thickness, t_v is the vapor chamber thickness. Experiments confirm accuracy of the model.

Key words: power batteries, thermal management systems, flat heat pipes, electrochemical-thermal coupled model, battery thermal characteristics

中图分类号:

U469.72

董佳硕, 丹聃, 魏名山, 赵一航, 张杨军. 基于平板热管的动力电池热管理系统[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(2): 209-217.

DONG Jiashuo, DAN Dan, WEI Mingshan, ZHAO Yihang, ZHANG Yangjun. Thermal management system for power batteries based on flat heat pipes[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(2): 209-217.

图/表 17

参考文献 19

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外形尺寸	Φ21 mm×70 mm
正极材料	NCM
负极材料	石墨
标称容量	5 Ah
标称电压	3.65 V
工作电压范围	2.5~4.2 V
最大充电电流	5 A
最大放电电流	10 A
质量	69 g

外形尺寸	Φ21 mm×70 mm
正极材料	NCM
负极材料	石墨
标称容量	5 Ah
标称电压	3.65 V
工作电压范围	2.5~4.2 V
最大充电电流	5 A
最大放电电流	10 A
质量	69 g

平板热管总长度，l_FHP	257 mm
平板热管蒸发段长度，l_e	181 mm
平板热管绝热段长度，l_a	7.6 mm
平板热管冷凝段长度，l_c	68.4 mm
平板热管高度，l_h	70.0 mm
平板热管总厚度，t_FHP	5.0 mm
外壳厚度，t_s	1.0 mm
厚度，t_w	1.5 mm
蒸汽腔厚度，t_v	1.5 mm
翅片个数，n_fin	19
翅片长度(x方向)，l_fin	20.6 mm
翅片高度(z方向)，h_fin	70.0 mm
翅片厚度(y方向)，t_fin	0.6 mm
翅片间距，s_fin	3.0 mm
支架长度(y方向)，l_r	181.0 mm
支架宽度(x方向)，w_r	44.5 mm
支架高度(z方向)，h_r	70.0 mm
圆孔直径，R_h	9.0 mm

平板热管总长度，l_FHP	257 mm
平板热管蒸发段长度，l_e	181 mm
平板热管绝热段长度，l_a	7.6 mm
平板热管冷凝段长度，l_c	68.4 mm
平板热管高度，l_h	70.0 mm
平板热管总厚度，t_FHP	5.0 mm
外壳厚度，t_s	1.0 mm
厚度，t_w	1.5 mm
蒸汽腔厚度，t_v	1.5 mm
翅片个数，n_fin	19
翅片长度(x方向)，l_fin	20.6 mm
翅片高度(z方向)，h_fin	70.0 mm
翅片厚度(y方向)，t_fin	0.6 mm
翅片间距，s_fin	3.0 mm
支架长度(y方向)，l_r	181.0 mm
支架宽度(x方向)，w_r	44.5 mm
支架高度(z方向)，h_r	70.0 mm
圆孔直径，R_h	9.0 mm

放电倍率	放电结束时温度/ ℃
放电倍率	θ_a/ ℃ = 10	25	30
0.5C	12.53	27.03	31.97
1.0C	16.23	29.77	34.33
1.5C	20.93	32.90	37.43
2.0C	26.40	37.30	41.47

基于平板热管的动力电池热管理系统

Thermal management system for power batteries based on flat heat pipes

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