重型车辆串联式混动系统机电状态稳定性评价方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为安全平稳地运行重型车辆“串联混合动力系统（S-HEP）”，研究了一种机电状态稳定性评价方法。基于串联混合动力系统的机械与电气特性，提出了发动机发电机转矩协调性、主副动力源供能协调性等8种动态指标；使用层次分析法，设计了评价指标的权重，实现了多指标的综合；结合模糊理论，设计了模糊综合评价法；通过隶属度函数，将主观的模糊评价映射为量化评分。对某车辆在11个工况下的实车试验数据的机电状态稳定性进行评价。结果表明：在低速匀速（18 km/h）、高速匀速（73 km/h）、中速循环（0~40 km/h）、急加速（0~40 km/h）等工况下的综合评分分别为1.11、2.45、3.13、3.6。这证明了本法的有效性与可重复性。这些评价结果可以量化系统机电状态稳定性的优劣。

关键词: 重型车辆, 串联混合动力系统（S-HEP）, 评价指标, 层次分析法, 模糊综合评价法

Abstract:

An evaluation methodology for electromechanical state stability was investigated to ensure the safe and stable operation of a heavy-duty vehicle with Series Hybrid Electric Powertrain (S-HEP). Eight dynamic indices were proposed based on the mechanical and electrical characteristics of S-HEP, including engine-generator torque coordination and energy supply coordination between primary and secondary power sources. The weights of evaluation indices were determined to achieve multi-index integration by using the analytic hierarchy process. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was designed by combining fuzzy theory. The method mapped subjective fuzzy evaluations into quantitative scores through membership functions. The electromechanical state stabilities of a vehicle data were evaluated by using real-world tests under 11 working conditions. The results show that the comprehensive scores of a vehicle are 1.11, 2.45, 3.13, and 3.6, respectively for the low-speed (with an average speed being 18 km/h) constant velocity condition. the high-speed (73 km/h) constant velocity condition, the medium-speed (0~40 km/h) cyclic condition, and the sharp acceleration condition (0~40 km/h). These results demonstrate the effectiveness and repeatability of the proposed method. The evaluation outcome can quantify the level of electromechanical state stability of the system.

Key words: heavy vehicles, series hybrid electric powertrain (S-HEP), evaluation indicator, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

中图分类号:

TM921

钟昊, 王伟达, 杨超, 杨刘权, 曾根, 李同辉. 重型车辆串联式混动系统机电状态稳定性评价方法[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(5): 725-735.

ZHONG Hao, WANG Weida, YANG Chao, YANG Liuquan, ZENG Gen, LI Tonghui. Electromechanical state stability evaluation method of series hybrid electric powertrain for heavy vehicle[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(5): 725-735.

图/表 14

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指标符号	指标名称
u₁	发动机发电机转矩协调性
u₂	前后功率链功率协调性
u₃	主副动力源供能协调性
u₄	主动力源能量缺额占比
u₅	发动机转速平均波动率
u₆	发动机转速最大波动率
u₇	母线电压平均波动率
u₈	母线电压最大波动率

指标符号	指标名称
u₁	发动机发电机转矩协调性
u₂	前后功率链功率协调性
u₃	主副动力源供能协调性
u₄	主动力源能量缺额占比
u₅	发动机转速平均波动率
u₆	发动机转速最大波动率
u₇	母线电压平均波动率
u₈	母线电压最大波动率

评分	评价等级	状态
0	优秀	负载平稳变化时的最佳状态
1	良好	负载突变但仍保持稳定的状态
2	中等	稳定性有所下降
3	较差	接近失稳临界
4	很差	工况已失稳

评分	评价等级	状态
0	优秀	负载平稳变化时的最佳状态
1	良好	负载突变但仍保持稳定的状态
2	中等	稳定性有所下降
3	较差	接近失稳临界
4	很差	工况已失稳

评价指标		隶属度函数的分界点，α / %
评价指标		α₀	α₁	α₂	α₃	α₄	α₅
u₁	发动机发电机转矩协调性	2.0	5.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	50.0
u₂	前后功率链功率协调性	0.5	1.0	3.0	6.0	10.0	20.0
u₃	主副动力源供能协调性	1.0	5.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	50.0
u₄	主动力源能量缺额占比	0.0	0.1	0.5	1.0	5.0	10.0
u₅	发动机转速平均波动率	0.2	0.5	1.0	5.0	10.0	15.0
u₆	发动机转速最大波动率	0.5	1.0	2.0	6.0	10.0	15.0
u₇	母线电压平均波动率	0.1	0.2	0.6	1.0	10.0	15.0
u₈	母线电压最大波动率	0.5	1.0	5.0	10.0	15.0	20.0