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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 86-96.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.01.009

• 汽车节能与环保 • 上一篇    下一篇

退役动力电池回收的经济性分析

杜世龙1,2(), 郝瀚1,2,*()   

  1. 1.清华大学 车辆与运载学院,北京 100084,中国
    2.清华-力拓资源能源与可持续发展研究中心, 清华大学, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-04 修回日期:2024-06-08 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-03-04
  • 通讯作者: * 郝瀚,副教授,博士生导师。E-mail:hao@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杜世龙(2000—),男(汉),山东,博士研究生。E-mail:dsl18@tsinghua.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72122010);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1908501)

Economic analysis of recycling retired power batteries

DU Shilong1,2(), HAO Han1,2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    2. Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Center for Resources Energy and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2024-04-04 Revised:2024-06-08 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-03-04

摘要:

回收电动汽车动力电池是资源再生、避免污染的重要手段。本文构建了一个技术经济模型;提出了“理想折扣系数”的概念,用于评估回收定价体系的抗冲击能力。基于退役动力电池的回收过程,量化了回收成本的 10 类关键组成,定量分析了三元锂(NCM)和磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池湿法回收的成本和收益,讨论了市场、政策、技术等因素的影响。结果表明:在基准金属价格水平下,NCM 811 电池回收的净利润为3 493 元/t;除非提升锂价,湿法冶金回收 LFP 电池无法盈利。从而,若将锂纳入回收计价金属,则可降低回收折扣系数对电池关键原材料价格的敏感性。

关键词: 电动汽车, 锂离子电池, 电池回收, 三元锂(NCM)电池, 磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池, 技术经济

Abstract:

Recycling power batteries from electric vehicles is an important means of resource regeneration and pollution prevention. This paper constructed a techno-economic model and proposed the concept of “ideal discount coefficient” to evaluate the shock resistance of the recycling pricing system. 10 key components of recycling costs were quantified based on the recycling process of retired power batteries. The cost and benefits of hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) batteries and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries were quantitatively analyzed to discuss the impact of market, policy, technology and other factors on the economic efficiency of recycling. The results show that at the baseline metal price level, the net profit of hydrometallurgical recycling of NCM 811 batteries is 3 493 CNY/t; The hydrometallurgical recycling of LFP batteries is not profitable, unless there is a rise in lithium prices. Therefore, incorporating lithium into base metals for recycling pricing can mitigate the sensitivity of the recycling discount coefficient to fluctuations in key battery raw material prices.

Key words: electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery, battery recycling, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) battery, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery, technical economy

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