圆柱形动力锂离子电池热物性的原位试验表征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2026.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究21700、18650型2种圆柱形锂离子电池径向导热系数、定压比热容与工作温度的依变关系，提出了一种考虑热量损失因素的测量电池热物性的理论模型和原位方法。分析了热量损失因素对测试结果的影响程度，并实验验证了理论方法的可靠性、准确性。结果表明：在工作温度-20~60 ℃范围内（模拟严寒至极端高温工况），电池的径向热导率、定压比热容均随工作温度的升高而增大，热导率增大7.6%，定压比热容增大23%。电池的钢质外壳起到增强散热、均温的作用，对定压比热容的影响程度大于对热导率的影响。考虑热量损失因素后，径向热导率的测试精度达95.2%，定压比热容的测试精度达98.7%，高于不考虑热量损失因素的测试精度（最大仅为93.8%）。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热物性, 热量损失, 原位测试

Abstract:

A theoretical model and an in-situ method were proposed for measuring the thermophysical properties of batteries with considering heat loss factors to investigate the radial thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of type 21700 and type 18650 in the temperature range of -20~60 °C to simulate the operating conditions from extreme cold to high temperature. The results show that both the radial thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity increase with increasing temperature, with thermal conductivity increasing by 7.6% and specific heat capacity by 23%. The battery steel casing enhances the heat dissipation and the temperature uniformity, having a greater impact on the specific heat capacity than the impact on the thermal conductivity. The measuring accuracy for radial thermal conductivity reaches 95.2% with accounting for heat loss, and the accuracy for specific heat capacity reaches 98.7%, both are higher than the maximum accuracy of 93.8% which obtained without considering heat loss.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, thermophysical properties, heat loss, in-situ method

中图分类号:

TM461.8

张晓军, 王杰, 盛雷, 张焕娟, 史峻铭, 王骞. 圆柱形动力锂离子电池热物性的原位试验表征[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2026, 17(1): 96-103.

ZHANG Xiaojun, WANG Jie, SHENG Lei, ZHANG Huanjvan, SHI Junming, WANG Qian. In-situ experimental characterization for the thermal properties of cylindrical lithium-ion power batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2026, 17(1): 96-103.

图/表 11

图1 圆柱形电池的简化模型和热传导示意图

图2 圆柱形电池受热和冷却时的温变示意图

图3 电热膜贴敷、测试装置和热电偶布置视图

图4 圆柱形电池径向热导率、定压比热容测算流程

图5 21700电池受热和冷却过程的温度变化

图6 21700电池温降率与温差的关系

图7 21700电池的内外径面温差和平均温变率

有无热损标定的热参数	λ / [W·(m·K)^-1]		c_p / [J·(kg·K)]^-1
有无热损标定的热参数	有	无	有	无
实际数值	1.38	1.38	745	745
测试结果	1.45	1.49	735.2	790.9
精度/ %	95.2	98.7	92.0	93.8

表1 高纯石英玻璃热物性参数的测算结果、误差

图8 电池径向热导率与温度的关系

图9 电池定压比热容与温度的关系

稳压电源精度	10 mV，1 mA
数据采集仪	0.3%
热电偶(国家Ⅰ级精度)	±0.4%
电热膜(额定输出功率)	0.5%
电热膜(额定输出功率差值)	0.8%

表2 实验仪器的不确定度

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