基于决策树模型的电动自行车与SUV碰撞中骑车人头部响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高对电动自行车(E-bike)骑车人头部的防护,利用运动型多功能车(SUV)与电动自行车碰撞的多刚体模型,调整相关参数开展仿真分析,获得不同工况下骑车人头部运动学响应。利用C4.5决策树算法挖掘仿真结果,建立骑车人头部运动学响应决策树模型。分析显示：影响骑车人头部响应的关键因素SUV碰撞初始速度越高,骑车人头部碰撞相对速度、碰撞点包绕距离（WAD）及损伤风险（HIC₁₅）均增大;骑车人体型则对头部碰撞点WAD影响最为显著,体型越大,头部碰撞点WAD越高。因而,本决策树模型还具有预测和决策功能,可用于制定头部安全评估法规性实验及头部防护研究。

关键词: 电动自行车, 骑车人安全, 头部响应, 头部损伤, 决策树模型

Abstract:

A multi-rigid body model for electric-bicycle (E-bike) -to-SUV (sports utility vehicle) impact was used to adjust the parameters to obtain the cyclist’s head kinematic responses in different accident conditions to improve the protections on the head of cyclists. Through the C4.5 decision tree algorithm, the decision tree models of cyclist’s head kinematic responses were then created from this dataset and verified accordingly. The results show that initial impact velocity of SUV is a key factor affected the cyclist head responses. Increasing the initial impact velocity of SUV increases the cyclist’s head relative impact velocity, WAD (wrap around distance) of head impact location, and head injury criterrion (HIC₁₅). And the WAD of cyclist’s head impact location is also significantly affected by the body size of cyclist. The WAD of head impact location becomes higher with increasing body size of cyclist. Therefore, the decision tree model will be used to predict and decision for guiding develop tests for cyclist’s head safety assessment regulatory and for investigating head protection.

Key words: electric-bicycle (E-bike), cyclist safety, head response, head injury, decision tree model

中图分类号:

R318.01

李欢, 白中浩, 高文睿, 周启峰, 蒋彬辉. 基于决策树模型的电动自行车与SUV碰撞中骑车人头部响应[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(1): 43-51.

LI Huan, BAI Zhonghao, GAO Wenrui, CHOU Clifford C., JIANG Binhui. Cyclist head responses in electric-bicycle-to-SUV accidents based on decision tree model[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(1): 43-51.

图/表 11

参考文献 26

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符号	描述	范围	水平
v(SUV) / (m·s^-1)	SUV碰撞初始速度	10~20	2
v(EB) / (m·s^-1)	电动自行车碰撞初始速度	2~8	2
θ/(°)	碰撞初始角度	0~90	15
Pos	碰撞初始位置	L, M, R	—
Size	骑车人体型	5^th, 50^th, 95^th	—

符号	描述	范围	水平
v(SUV) / (m·s^-1)	SUV碰撞初始速度	10~20	2
v(EB) / (m·s^-1)	电动自行车碰撞初始速度	2~8	2
θ/(°)	碰撞初始角度	0~90	15
Pos	碰撞初始位置	L, M, R	—
Size	骑车人体型	5^th, 50^th, 95^th	—

相应参数	范围	等级	说明
v_head / (m·s^-1)	25	H	高
	15~25	M	中
	< 15	L	低
WAD / mm	≥ 1 700	W	挡风玻璃
	1 250 ~ 1 700	HU	发动机罩后端
	< 1 250	HL	发动机罩前端
HIC₁₅	≥ 750	H	高
	350~750	M	中
	< 350	L	低

相应参数	范围	等级	说明
v_head / (m·s^-1)	25	H	高
	15~25	M	中
	< 15	L	低
WAD / mm	≥ 1 700	W	挡风玻璃
	1 250 ~ 1 700	HU	发动机罩后端
	< 1 250	HL	发动机罩前端
HIC₁₅	≥ 750	H	高
	350~750	M	中
	< 350	L	低

预测等级分支	序号	v_SUV / (m·s^-1）	v_EB / (m·s^-1）	θ /( °)	Pos	Size	实际等级
A1 “H”, v_head/(m·s^-1)≥ 25： v_suv/(m·s^-1) > 16, θ > 0°	1	19	8	15	R	50^th	H
	2	18	2	60	L	95^th	M
	3	17	6	45	R	5^th	H
	4	19	4	75	R	95^th	H
	5	20	2	15	L	5^th	H
A2“M”, 15 ≤ v_head/(m·s^-1)< 25： 10 < v_suv/( m·s^-1)≤ 12, θ > 0°	1	12	8	15	R	50^th	M
	2	12	6	30	M	95^th	M
	3	11	6	45	R	5^th	M
	4	11	4	90	M	5^th	M
	5	12	4	75	R	95^th	M
A3 “L”, v_head/( m·s^-1) < 15： 10 ≤ v_suv/( m·s^-1)≤ 12, θ = 0°	1	12	6	0	R	50^th	L
	2	11	2	0	M	95^th	L
	3	12	4	0	R	5^th	L
	4	10	4	0	M	5^th	L
	5	11	4	0	L	95^th	L