煤基合成燃料及其在汽车发动机上的应用与技术进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.001

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 1-17.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2021.01.001

• 综述与展望 • 下一篇

煤基合成燃料及其在汽车发动机上的应用与技术进展

孙万臣(), 蒋梦奇

汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,吉林大学,长春 130025,中国

收稿日期:2022-08-01 出版日期:2021-03-31 发布日期:2021-04-02
作者简介:孙万臣（1968—），男（汉族），吉林，教授。E-mail: sunwc@jlu.edu.cn。孙万臣教授工学博士、吉林大学教授、博士生导师。担任中国内燃机学会常务理事、中国汽车工程学会理事、中国汽车工程学会代用燃料汽车分会秘书长等职务。主要研究方向为内燃机燃料、燃烧优化与排放控制技术、内燃机增压技术、汽车混合动力技术。承担国家自然科学基金等国家及省部级科研项目40余项，发表学术论文160余篇，其中SCI、EI收录70余篇，获授权专利20余项，指导硕士、博士研究生80余名。
Prof. SUN Wanchen，He is a PhD of Engineering, and a professor and a doctoral adviser of the School of Jilin University, and currently is the executive director of the Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Society, the director of the Chinese Automotive Engineering Society, the secretary-general of Chinese Automotive Engineering Society Alternative Fuel Vehicle Branch. His research interests focus on such areas as fuel, combustion optimization and emission control technology of internal combustion engine, turbocharging technology of internal combustion engine, and vehicle hybrid power system. He has undertaken more than 40 national, provincial and ministerial-level research projects, published more than 160 academic papers including more than 70 SCI and EI papers, granted more than 20 patents. And he has directed more than 80 master and doctoral students.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51676084);吉林省自然科学基金资助项目(2018010159JC)

Coal-based synthetic fuel and its application and technical progress in automobile engines

SUN Wanchen(), JIANG Mengqi

State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China

Received:2022-08-01 Online:2021-03-31 Published:2021-04-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着汽车保有量不断增加,能源安全和低碳化发展日益受到国内外的广泛关注,鉴于中国富煤、贫油、少气的能源结构,基于煤炭Fischer-Tropsch合成工艺制取的煤基合成燃料因其良好的燃烧和排放特性已成为汽车理想的替代燃料。煤基合成燃料在汽车等动力机械上的推广应用,对于实现汽车能源多元化、减少中国石油对外依存度、实现煤炭资源的高效清洁利用、降低汽车排放污染物具有重要的战略意义和应用价值。该文介绍了煤基合成燃料的生产、合成工艺关键技术以及发展历程;基于众多研究者关于煤基合成燃料的相关研究成果,阐述了煤基合成柴油用于内燃机燃料的喷雾、混合、燃烧及排放特性;总结并预测了煤基合成燃料市场化应用存在的问题和未来发展趋势,为煤基合成燃料的推广及在内燃机上的高效清洁应用提出了合理建议。

关键词: 煤基合成燃料, 理化特性, 燃烧, 排放

Abstract:

With the increasing number of automobiles, energy security and low-carbon development have attracted increasing attention at home and abroad. In view of the energy structure of rich coal, poor oil and less gas in China, coal-based synthetic fuel which based on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process has become an ideal alternative fuel for automobiles due to its good combustion and emission characteristics. The popularization and application of coal-based synthetic fuel in automobile and other power machinery is of great strategic significance and application value for realizing automobile energy diversification, reducing the dependence on foreign oil, realizing efficient and clean utilization of coal resources, and reducing automobile emission pollutants. This paper introduces the development history of coal-based synthetic fuel, the key technologies of coal-based synthetic process and the current production capacity in China. Based on the relevant research results on coal-based synthetic fuel, the spray, mixing, combustion and emission characteristics of coal-based synthetic diesel used as internal combustion engine fuel are expounded. Finally, the existing problems and future development trend of coal-based synthetic fuel market application are summarized and predicted, and reasonable suggestions are put forward for the promotion of coal-based synthetic fuel and its efficient and clean application in internal combustion engines.

Key words: coal-based synthetic fuel, physical and chemical properties, combustion, emissions

中图分类号:

U464.136+.5

孙万臣, 蒋梦奇. 煤基合成燃料及其在汽车发动机上的应用与技术进展[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2021, 12(1): 1-17.

SUN Wanchen, JIANG Mengqi. Coal-based synthetic fuel and its application and technical progress in automobile engines[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2021, 12(1): 1-17.

图/表 14

图1 煤的间接液化过程[17]

图2 F-T合成工艺部分产品分布[31]

参数	DDCL	F-T 柴油	国V 柴油	生物柴油
密度(20 ℃) / (kg ·m^-3)	845	757	840	876
含硫质量分数/ 10^-6	22.00	0.29	3.13	< 10.00
运动粘度(30 ℃) / (mm²·s^-1)	2.510	2.029	5.003	4.410
运动粘度(40 ℃) / (mm²·s^-1)	2.059	1.677	—	—
十六烷值	38.1	75.4	52.9	51.0
低热值/ (MJ·kg^-1)	45.50	43.07	42.69	39.25

表1 煤基合成柴油理化特性参数

图3 燃油喷雾前锋贯穿距离（140 MPa） [36]

图4 燃油最终喷雾锥角（140 MPa） [36]

图5 不同燃料 100 MPa 时贯穿距离 [39]

图6 不同燃料 100 MPa 时喷雾面积 [39]

图7 F-T柴油含量与NOx和soot排放的关系 [45]

图8 BMEP取1.04 MPa情况下,F-T柴油和DF 燃料的羰基排放水平对比 [47]

图9 发动机十三工况比排放对比 [48]

图10 外特性工况下2种燃料动力性对比 [53]

图11 不同工况下2种燃料的燃油消耗率对比 [53]

图12 混合燃料压力振荡对比 [57]

图13 燃用不同燃料NOx、微粒及消光对比 [67]

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煤基合成燃料及其在汽车发动机上的应用与技术进展

Coal-based synthetic fuel and its application and technical progress in automobile engines

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