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无固定壁障的对撞型台车小型试验装置及其吸能特性

曹立波1，陈 龙1，吴 俊1, 2*，吴军亭1，石先耀1   

  1. （1. 湖南大学 汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙410082，中国；2. 湖南师范大学 工程与设计学院，长沙410082，中国）
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-21 出版日期:2018-03-31 发布日期:2018-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 吴俊(1984—)，男( 汉)，安徽，讲师。E-mail: wujun701@163.com。
  • 作者简介:曹立波(1964—)，男( 汉)，湖南，教授。E-mail: hdclb@163.com。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目（51505137）。

Small test device of inter-collision sled without fixed barrier and its absorption characteristics

CAO Libo1, CHEN Long1, WU Jun1,2*, WU Junting1, SHI Xianyao1   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082,
    China; 2. College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China)
  • Received:2017-12-21 Online:2018-03-31 Published:2018-04-10

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摘要：

开发了一种对撞型台车小型试验装置。该装置无需固定壁障，地基长25 m，宽2.2 m。通过弹性绳驱动，将传统试验台车撞击固定壁障的外力平衡，转化为试验台车和配重台车对撞的内力平衡。采用拉伸吸能筒达到吸能目的，建立了一种吸能装置有限元模型（FEM），并进行了准静态拉伸试验。通过对标位移与力曲线，并采用最小二乘法确定目标函数，研究吸能筒与压缩块之间的摩擦因数及吸能特性。仿真结果表明：当摩擦因数为0.177 时，试验与仿真所得的位移与力曲线及变形模式基本吻合。因此，通过改变弹性绳的规格及装置前部吸能结构的参数，可以复现国家标准GB15083-2006 等不同的加速度波形曲线。

关键词: 汽车安全, 台车试验, 对撞型实验装置, 准静态试验, 吸能特性, 波形复现

Abstract:

A small test device of inter-collision sled was developed with a foundation of length 25 m and width 2.2m and without any fixed barrier. The test device used elastic ropes as driving force with drawing collision energy absorption tubes to transform collision force from traditional external force between sled and fixed barrier to internal force between test sled and counter-weight sled by head-on collision. A finite element method (FEM) established and some quasi-static tensile tests were used to investigate the friction coefficient between the energy absorption tubes and the compression block and the energy absorption characteristics of the tubes. The objective function extracted from two comparison displacement-force curves was determined by using a least square method. The simulation results show that the displacement-force curve and deformation mode of the simulation are in good agreement with these of the experiment when the friction coefficient is 0.177. Therefore, changing the structure parameters of energy absorption can reproduce the variable acceleration waveforms in
the Chinese National Standards, including GB15083-2006 and so on.

Key words: vehicle safety, sled tests, inter-collision test devices, quasi-static tests, absorption characteristics, waveform reproduce