Simulation study on energy absorption characteristics of laminated windshield under sunlight

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.04.006

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the effect of solar radiation on the energy absorption properties of laminated windshields, a photothermal-mechanical coupling simulation model was proposed, which took into account the effect of sunlight on the temperature of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer and the mechanical property of the laminated glass. This study conducted a photothermal modeling of the temperature rise of glass under sunlight, and converted the temperature results into PVB interlayer modulus using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. The modulus was used as the input for the headform-windshield impact finite element model to calculate the energy absorption property and pedestrian protection property of the windshield. The results show that in summer, when the transmitted solar power of the windshield is 700 W/m², the steady-state temperature of the interlayer increases to 70 ℃, the modulus of the interlayer decreases to about 1/500 of that at room temperature, and the critical speed of the headform penetrating the windshield decreases to 20 km/h from 40 km/h tested experimentally at room temperature. Solar radiation reduces the modulus of the interlayer by increasing the temperature of the interlayer, thus reducing the energy absorption performance of the laminated windshields, and increasing the risk of the head penetrating the windshield and having a secondary collision with objects inside the cabin.

Key words: laminated windshield, energy absorption, headform impact, solar radiation, finite element analysis

CLC Number:

U465.4+6

ZHANG Peilin, LI Yibing. Simulation study on energy absorption characteristics of laminated windshield under sunlight[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(4): 558-567.

Figures/Tables 17

References 30

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	等压热容 [J(kg·K)^-1]	密度 (kg·m^-3)	热导率 [W(m·K)^-1]	发射率
泡沫	2 100	17	0.035	0.9
玻璃	703	2 230	1.800	0.8
平台	1 210	300	0.072	0.7

	等压热容 [J(kg·K)^-1]	密度 (kg·m^-3)	热导率 [W(m·K)^-1]	发射率
泡沫	2 100	17	0.035	0.9
玻璃	703	2 230	1.800	0.8
平台	1 210	300	0.072	0.7

部件	子部件	材料类型	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	失效准则
头模型	基座	MAT20	2 700	70	0.3
	球体	MAT20	2 700	70	0.3
	皮肤	MAT6	1 020		0.5
夹层玻璃	玻璃	MAT24	2 500	70	0.227	主应力65 MPa ^[26]
夹层玻璃	中间层	MAT24	1 070	根据式(6)计算得到	0.49	应变2 ^[14]

部件	子部件	材料类型	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	失效准则
头模型	基座	MAT20	2 700	70	0.3
	球体	MAT20	2 700	70	0.3
	皮肤	MAT6	1 020		0.5
夹层玻璃	玻璃	MAT24	2 500	70	0.227	主应力65 MPa ^[26]
夹层玻璃	中间层	MAT24	1 070	根据式(6)计算得到	0.49	应变2 ^[14]

	v₀/ (km·h^-1)	a_max / g	s_max / mm	β	HIC36
实验	29.86	82.84	117.5	0.951	168.2
仿真	30.00	77.60	120.0	0.922	172.2
误差/ %	0.46	-6.33	2.10	-3.05	2.32