Effects of head kinematic characteristics on diffuse brain injury in side pole impact

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.01.007

Abstract

Abstract:

A six-degree-of-freedom head model was constructed with prescribed boundary conditions to investigate the impact of head kinematic characteristics on diffuse brain injuries in pole side impacts to refine related brain injury assessment criteria. This study examined the kinematic and biomechanical responses of occupants in 60 pole side impact tests and evaluated the predictive efficacy of existing brain injury metrics for diffuse injuries. The results show that 27% and 35% of the test groups fail to meet the high-performance thresholds for the DAMAGE (Diffuse Axonal Multi-Axis General Evaluation) and for the BrIC (Brain Injury Criteria), respectively. The UBrIC (Universal Brain Injury Criteria) metric shows the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.85 for the 95th percent maximum principal strain, significantly higher than other metrics. The coupling effect of Multi-axis rotational loads leads to concentrated brain tissue strain, posing a high risk for diffuse brain injuries in the pole side impact. The UBrIC is more accurate than that of other metrics in assessing this risk.

Key words: automobile safety, pole side impact, diffuse brain injury, injury metrics, numerical human body model

CLC Number:

U461.91

YI Wentao, TANG Ying, LEI Feibing, ZENG Dong, CAI Yani, LUO Binyin. Effects of head kinematic characteristics on diffuse brain injury in side pole impact[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(1): 66-76.

Figures/Tables 13

References 39

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指标	均值	标准差	离群最小值	离群最大值
HIC	418.7	324.4	88.0	2 446.0
DAMAGE	0.41	0.17	0.12	0.91
BrIC	0.72	0.24	0.26	1.38
UBrIC	0.39	0.14	0.11	0.78
RVCI	32.70	10.88	12.26	63.54
RIC	1.10×10⁷	1.03×10⁷	8.73×10⁵	5.72×10⁷
HIP	24 264	6 437	670	35 291
PRHIC	1.15×10⁵	2.26×10⁵	400.33	1.08×10⁶
GAMBIT	0.32	0.16	0.13	1.15
KLC	0.25	0.06	0.12	0.41
CP	0.080	0.210	0.000 61	1.000
PCS	63.11	5.52	53.05	88.46

指标	均值	标准差	离群最小值	离群最大值
HIC	418.7	324.4	88.0	2 446.0
DAMAGE	0.41	0.17	0.12	0.91
BrIC	0.72	0.24	0.26	1.38
UBrIC	0.39	0.14	0.11	0.78
RVCI	32.70	10.88	12.26	63.54
RIC	1.10×10⁷	1.03×10⁷	8.73×10⁵	5.72×10⁷
HIP	24 264	6 437	670	35 291
PRHIC	1.15×10⁵	2.26×10⁵	400.33	1.08×10⁶
GAMBIT	0.32	0.16	0.13	1.15
KLC	0.25	0.06	0.12	0.41
CP	0.080	0.210	0.000 61	1.000
PCS	63.11	5.52	53.05	88.46

指标	RPLA	RPRA	RPRV	CSDM 10	CSDM 20	CSDM 25	MPS 95	MPS 100	应力σ
HIC	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.020	<0.001	0.002	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
DAMAGE	0.211	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
BrIC	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
UBrIC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
RVCI	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
RIC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
PRHIC	0.098	<0.001	<0.001	0.007	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
GAMBIT	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
HIP	<0.001	0.063	0.114	0.086	0.052	0.126	0.042	0.002	0.008
KLC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
CP	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
PCS	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

指标	RPLA	RPRA	RPRV	CSDM 10	CSDM 20	CSDM 25	MPS 95	MPS 100	应力σ
HIC	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.020	<0.001	0.002	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
DAMAGE	0.211	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
BrIC	0.003	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
UBrIC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
RVCI	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
RIC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
PRHIC	0.098	<0.001	<0.001	0.007	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
GAMBIT	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
HIP	<0.001	0.063	0.114	0.086	0.052	0.126	0.042	0.002	0.008
KLC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
CP	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
PCS	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001