Double-modified polyacrylic acid gel electrolytes for long-life neutral zinc-air batteries

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.06.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Neutral gel electrolytes and additives were investigated to address the corrosion and safety risks of conventional zinc-air batteries with strong alkaline electrolytes on small power components of automobiles, while improving the performance and lifetime of zinc-air batteries. The neutral polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel was modified with different amounts of NaCl and nano-silica as additives, and the electrochemical and water retention tests were compared with the pure neutral polyacrylic acid gel group, and the gels of each group were put into zinc-air batteries for charge-discharge cycle tests under different working conditions. The results show that the water retention and ionic conductivity of the double-modified polyacrylic acid gel are improved, and the flexible zinc-air batteries based on them operates smoothly with a discharge life of 82 h at 0.2 mA/cm².The working life was extended by 30 hours in the small current charge-discharge test at a rate of 2 mA/cm², as compared to the control group.

Key words: zinc-air battery, gel electrolyte, gel modification, working life, polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel

CLC Number:

O646
TB332

SHANG Nuo, WANG Keliang, PEI Pucheng, ZHANG Pengfei, ZUO Yayu, WEI Manhui, WANG Hengwei, CHEN Zhuo, ZHONG Daiyuan. Double-modified polyacrylic acid gel electrolytes for long-life neutral zinc-air batteries[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(6): 755-761.

Figures/Tables 10

References 23

[1]	李金铠, 推进绿色低碳发展实现碳达峰碳中和[N]. 中国社会科学报, 2022-12-27(007专版).
	LI Jinkai. Promote green and low-carbon development to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality Promote green and low-carbon development to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality[N]. Soc Sci Chin, 2022-12-27 (007 special issue). (in Chinese)
[2]	BAI Caiquan, ZHOU Lei, XIA Minle, et al. Analysis of the spatial association network structure of China's transportation carbon emissions and its driving factors[J]. J Envir Manag, 2020, 253: 109765. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109765 URL
[3]	Mallapaty S. How China could be carbon neutral by mid-century[J]. Nature, 2020(586): 482-483.
[4]	Riede J C, Turek T, Kunz U. Critical zinc ion concentration on the electrode surface determines dendritic zinc growth during charging a zinc air battery[J]. Electrochim Acta, 2018, 269: 217-224. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.110 URL
[5]	HAO Junnan, LI Xiaolong, ZHANG Shilin, et al. Designing dendrite-free zinc anodes for advanced aqueous zinc batteries[J]. Advan Funct Mater, 2020, 30: 2001263.
[6]	Mainar A R, Iruin E, Colmenares L C, et al. An overview of progress in electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries and other storage systems based on zinc[J]. J Energy Storage, 2018, 15: 304-328. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2017.12.004 URL
[7]	LI Yuan, FAN Xiayue, LIU Xiaorui, et al. Long-battery-life flexible zinc-air battery with near-neutral polymer electrolyte and nanoporous integrated air electrode[J]. J Mater Chem A, 2019, 7: 25449-25457. doi: 10.1039/c9ta09137h
[8]	Thomas G F W, LIU Zhaolin, Hor T S A, et al. A near-neutral chloride electrolyte for electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries[J]. J Electrochem Soc, 2014, 161: A2080-A2086.
[9]	Mechili M, Vaitsis C, Argirusis N, et al. Research progress in transition metal oxide based bifunctional electrocatalysts for aqueous electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries[J]. Renew Sustain Energ Rev, 2022, 156: 111970. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111970 URL
[10]	WANG Cheng, LI Jing, ZHOU Zheng, et al. Rechargeable zinc-air batteries with neutral electrolytes: Recent advances, challenges, and prospects[J]. Energy Chem, 2021, 3: 100055.
[11]	WANG Nengze, WAN Houzhao, DUAN Jinxia, et al. A review of zinc-based battery from alkaline to acid,[J]. Mater Today Advan, 2021, 11: 100149.
[12]	ZHANG Pengfei, WANG Keliang, ZUO Yayu, et al. A self-designed double cross-linked gel for flexible zinc-air battery with extreme conditions adaptability[J]. Chem Engi J, 2023, 451: 138622.
[13]	LAI Chiyu, LU Yiting, JAO Wenyang, et al. Near-neutral flexible zinc-air batteries with high power densities and long cycle life using chloride-based gel polymer electrolytes[J]. Electrochem Commun, 2022, 136: 107240. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107240 URL
[14]	GAO Han, Lian K. A comparative study of nano-SiO₂ and nano-TiO₂ fillers on proton conductivity and dielectric response of a silicotungstic acid-H3PO4-poly (vinyl alcohol) polymer electrolyte,[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interface, 2014, 6: 464-72. doi: 10.1021/am4045103 pmid: 24320625
[15]	ZHENG Jing, XIAO Peng, LIU Wei, et al. Mechanical robust and self-healable supramolecular hydrogel[J]. Macrom Rapid Commun, 2016, 37: 265-70. doi: 10.1002/marc.v37.3 URL
[16]	WU Shuwang, HUA Mutian, Alsaid Y, et al. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with broad-range tunable mechanical properties via the hofmeister effect[J]. Advan Mater, 2021, 33: e2007829.
[17]	GUO Ruyue, BAO Yan, ZHENG Xi, et al. Hofmeister effect assisted dual-dynamic-bond cross-linked organohydrogels with enhanced ionic conductivity and balanced mechanical properties for flexible sensors[J]. Advan Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 2213283.
[18]	WU Yinghong, MU Yijie, LUO Yang, et al. Hofmeister effect and electrostatic interaction enhanced ionic conductive organohydrogels for electronic applications,[J]. Advan Funct Mater, 2021, 32: 2110859.
[19]	LI Junhua, LI Xin, WANG Chenying, et al. Characteristics of gelling and water holding properties of hen egg white/yolk gel with NaCl addition[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2018, 77: 887-893. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.034 URL
[20]	Quintero S M M, Ponce F R V, Cremona M, et al. Swelling and morphological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogels in solution with high salt concentration[J]. Polymer, 2010, 51: 953-958. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.12.016 URL
[21]	ZUO Yayu, WANG Keliang, WEI Manhui, et al. An Agar gel modulation with melamine foam skeleton for flexible Zn-air batteries[J]. Chem Engi J, 2023, 452: 139301.
[22]	ZUO Yayu, WANG Keliang, WEI Manhui, et al. Starch gel for flexible rechargeable zinc-air batteries[J]. Cell Report Phys Sci, 2022, 3: 100687.
[23]	LI Ziyuan, LI Xia, JIANG Yifei, et al. Nanocellulose composite gel with high ionic conductivity and long service life for flexible zinc-air battery[J]. Polymer Testing, 2021, 104: 107380. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107380 URL

组别名称	NaCl浓度 (mol·L^-1)	NaCl添加量 mg	SiO₂浓度 (mol·L^-1)	SiO₂添加量 g
NZ	0	0	0	0
NZ-Na0.1	0.1	128.7	0	0
NZ-Na0.5	0.5	643.5	0	0
NZ-Na0.5-Si	0.5	643.5	0.025	0.33

组别名称	NaCl浓度 (mol·L^-1)	NaCl添加量 mg	SiO₂浓度 (mol·L^-1)	SiO₂添加量 g
NZ	0	0	0	0
NZ-Na0.1	0.1	128.7	0	0
NZ-Na0.5	0.5	643.5	0	0
NZ-Na0.5-Si	0.5	643.5	0.025	0.33