追尾碰撞下车用机械按摩座椅对乘员损伤的防护效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了评估机械按摩座椅在车辆发生追尾碰撞时可能带来的潜在致伤风险，该文采用Hybrid Ⅲ第50百分位男性假人模型，针对普通车用座椅和机械按摩座椅，依据仿真模型进行追尾碰撞试验，并着重对乘员的头部、颈部、胸部及腰椎损伤进行分析。结果表明：采用3 ms合成加速度作为胸部损伤评价指标，机械按摩座椅与普通座椅的数据分别为26.6 g与27.7 g，均满足要求。对于归一化颈部损伤准则（N_ij），普通座椅乘员超过了阈值1，损伤风险显著；而机械按摩座椅乘员在各项颈部损伤评价指标上均表现优异，N_ij值为0.51，可以更好地保护乘员安全。机械按摩座椅在降低头部损伤风险方面具有较大优势，其乘员HIC值较低。对于腰椎损伤，普通座椅乘员受力最大值为1 670 N，机械按摩座椅乘员受力为1 800 N，且椎体骨折损伤联合负荷标准LIC两者的最大值分为4.32、3.67，均满足标准要求，能够保障乘客安全。此研究验证了机械按摩座椅在追尾碰撞中的安全性与可靠性，对未来机械按摩座椅的开发与推广应用具有重要的参考价值。

关键词: 汽车安全, 追尾碰撞, 机械按摩座椅, 乘员损伤, 损伤评价

Abstract:

To evaluate the potential injury risks of mechanical massage seats during vehicle rear-end collisions, this study employed the Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy model to conduct comparative crash simulations between conventional automotive seats and mechanical mas-sage seats, with particular focus on analyzing occupant injuries to the head, neck, chest, and lumbar spine. The results showed that when using the 3ms resultant acceleration as the chest injury criterion, the values for mechanical massage seats and conventional seats are 26.6 g and 27.7 g, respectively, both meeting requirements; for the normalized neck injury criterion (N_ij), conventional seat occupants exceedes the threshold of 1, indicating significant injury risk, while mechanical massage seat occupants demonstrates excellent performance across all neck injury metrics with an N_ij value of 0.51, providing better protection; mechanical massage seats show greater advantages in reducing head injury risk, with lower HIC values for occupants; regarding lumbar injuries, the maximum force on conventional seat occupants is 1 670 N compared to 1 800 N for mechanical massage seat occupants, with the maximum LIC values being 4.32 and 3.67, respectively, both meeting safety standards and ensuring passenger safety. This research verifies the safety and reliability of mechanical massage seats in rear-end collisions, providing important reference value for future development and widespread application of mechanical massage seats.

Key words: automobile safety, rear-end collision, mechanical massage seat, occupant injury, injury evaluation

中图分类号:

U461.91

朱慧婷, 牟燕燕, 兰晹, 项磊, 杨洁, 程志华, 王军良, 杨娜. 追尾碰撞下车用机械按摩座椅对乘员损伤的防护效果[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(4): 539-547.

ZHU Huiting, MOU Yanyan, LAN Yang, XIANG Lei, YANG Jie, CHENG Zhihua, WANG Junliang, YANG Na. Protective effect of mechanical massage car seat on occupant injury in rear-end collision[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(4): 539-547.

图/表 11

图1 机械按摩座椅结构示意图

图2 座椅三维模型

图3 人-车-座椅模型

图4 追尾碰撞仿真波形

图5 碰撞过程中普通车用座椅与机械按摩座椅的变化

图6 乘员胸部3ms合成加速度曲线

图7 颈部上下剪切力和轴向力

评价指标	Case1	Case2	损伤阈值
评价指标	Case1	Case2	高性能	低性能	极限值
上颈部F_x / kN	0.56	0.19	1.2	1.95	2.7
下颈部F_x / kN	1.43	0.99	1.2	1.95	2.7
上颈部F_z / kN	3.05	1.39	1.7	2.62	2.9
下颈部F_z / kN	2.99	1.40	1.7	2.62	2.9
上颈部M_y / Nm	59.68	25.06	36.0	49.00	57.0
下颈部M_y / Nm	39.11	20.51	36.0	49.00	57.0
N_ij	1.10	0.51	1.00

表1 颈部损伤对比评价

图8 头部质心三轴合成加速度

图9 腰椎剪切力和压缩力变化

图10 2种不同座椅的LIC曲线

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