杂化氮化硼复合相变微胶囊悬浮液的设计及在PEM燃料电池冷却中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2024.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决燃料电池液冷介质热电性能的兼容问题，该文设计制备了一种基于杂化氮化硼复合相变微胶囊的潜热型功能流体。通过系统的测试和表征对比了多种相变微胶囊和悬浮液样品的物性和换热能力，并将功能流体应用于质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池冷却过程中，分析了相变微胶囊的掺混浓度对电堆输出特性的影响。结果表明:相变微胶囊的加入最高可以使基液的换热能力提高3.61倍，而对PEM燃料电池输出性能的提升可高达8.6%。相比之下，20 %重量百分比浓度的悬浮液综合性能最优，在恒流工况中可将电压变化幅值控制在0.02 V，在变载工况下能有效将电压过冲量以及恢复时长分别减少23.1%和13 s。

关键词: 杂化氮化硼复合相变微胶囊, 悬浮液, 质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池, 液体冷却

Abstract:

A latent heat functional fluid based on hybrid boron nitride (BN) composite phase change micro-capsules was designed and prepared to solve the compatibility of thermoelectric properties of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell cooling medium. The physical properties and heat exchange capacities of a variety of phase change microcapsules and suspension samples were compared through systematic testing and chara-cterization, and the functional fluid was applied to the cooling of PEM fuel cell to analyze the effect of the doping concentration of phase change microcapsules on the output characteristics of the stack. The results show that the incorporation of phase change microcapsules can increase the heat exchange capacity of the base fluid by up to 3.61 times, while the enhancement of the output performance of the PEM fuel cell can be as high as 8.6%. In contrast, the suspension with 20 wt% concentration has the best overall performance, which can control the voltage variation amplitude to 0.02 V under the condition of constant current, and effectively reduce the voltage overshoot and recovery time by 23.1% and 13 s, respectively, under the condition of variable load.

Key words: hybrid boron nitride (BN) composite phase change microcapsules, suspension, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, liquid cooling

中图分类号:

TM912

周怡彬, 唐爱坤, 王贞涛, 蔡涛. 杂化氮化硼复合相变微胶囊悬浮液的设计及在PEM燃料电池冷却中的应用[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2024, 15(6): 866-874.

ZHOU Yibin, TANG Aikun, WANG Zhentao, CAI Tao. Design of hybrid BN composite phase change microcapsule suspension and its application in PEM fuel cell cooling[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2024, 15(6): 866-874.

图/表 18

图1 相变微胶囊及功能流体的制备流程

命名	芯材	壳材
命名	石蜡/ %	多孔氮化硼/ %	片状氮化硼/ %
C1	50	25	25
C2	55	22.5	22.5
C3	60	20	20
C4	65	17.5	17.5
C5	70	15	15
C6	75	12.5	12.5
C7	80	10	10
S1	60	40	0
S2	60	35	5
S3	60	30	10
S4	60	25	15
S5	60	15	25
S6	60	10	30
S7	60	5	35
S8	60	0	40

表1 不同配方的命名和样品成分

图2 对流换热系数测试台及测试段热电偶布置示意图

图3 质子交换膜燃料电池测试台

图4 质子交换膜燃料电池的流道设计

图5 S4样品的XRD谱图

图6 相变微胶囊的微观形貌

图7 各种相变微胶囊的DSC测试结果

样品	熔化区间 / ℃	熔化温度 / ℃	熔化焓 / (J·g^-1)	包覆率/ %
石蜡	52.21~68.33	58.62	130.11	-
C1	53.98~69.01	58.84	79.30	60.95
C2	53.87~68.96	58.87	82.40	63.33
C3	53.58~68.61	59.15	94.50	72.63
C4	53.25~67.22	59.26	94.60	72.71
C5	52.97~67.02	59.31	94.70	72.78
C6	52.67~67.43	59.31	94.90	72.94
C7	52.58~67.61	59.44	95.10	73.09
S1	52.66~67.45	58.54	95.50	73.40
S2	52.52~67.33	58.49	95.60	73.48
S3	52.71~67.67	58.65	95.90	73.71
S4	52.39~67.11	58.77	96.30	74.01
S5	52.62~67.75	58.63	95.30	73.25
S6	52.44~67.36	58.76	93.50	71.86
S7	52.52~67.77	58.81	91.80	70.56

表2 不同样品的相变特性

图8 相变微胶囊的稳定性测试

图9 相变微胶囊悬浮液分散稳定性测试

图10 不同温度和浓度相变微胶囊悬浮液的电导率

图11 不同温度和浓度条件下相变微胶囊悬浮液的粘度对比

图12 不同温度和浓度条件下相变微胶囊悬浮液导热系数的对比

图13 不同Re数下相变微胶囊悬浮液的对流换热系数的对比

图14 不同负载下冷却液的出口温度对比

图15 不同浓度悬浮液冷却条件下的燃料电池极化曲线

图16 不同冷却剂对燃料电池输出稳定性的影响

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