基于形态仿生学的厢式货车复合气动减阻方案

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低某厢式货车的气动阻力，基于形态仿生，设计了仿生导流罩、仿生驾驶室和仿生货厢3种新型气动减阻方案和1种复合仿生减阻方案。先研究了3种单一仿生减阻方案对气动阻力因数的影响效果及其减阻机理。后将3种单一减阻方式结合在一起，探究了复合仿生减阻方案的减阻效果。结果表明：相对于货车原始模型，仿生导流罩模型、仿生驾驶室模型和仿生货厢模型的最优减阻率分别为3.57%、9.45%和11.86%。复合减阻方案的气动阻力因数减小率是24.5%，减阻效果明显。因而，基于形态仿生学设计的厢式货车减阻结构，改善了厢式货车周围的流场结构，降低了气动阻力。

关键词: 厢式货车, 形态仿生设计, 气动阻力因数, 复合减阻, 导流罩, 驾驶室, 货厢

Abstract:

Three types of new aerodynamic drag reduction schemes for the shroud, the cab and the cargo compartment were designed based on morphological bionics, and so done a composite bionic drag reduction scheme of a van type truck to reduce the aerodynamic drag. The effects of three single bionic drag reduction schemes on the aerodynamic drag coefficient and their drag reduction mechanism were investigated. The drag reduction effect of the composite bionic drag reduction scheme was investigated by combining the three single drag reduction methods together. The results show that the optimal drag reduction rates of bionic shroud model, bionic cab model and bionic cargo compartment model are 3.57%, 9.45% and 11.86%, respectively, compared to the original truck model. The reduction rate of aerodynamic drag coefficient of the composite drag reduction scheme is 24.5%, and the drag reduction effect is obvious. Therefore, the drag reduction structure of the van based on morphological bionics design improves the flow field structure around the van and reduces the aerodynamic drag.

Key words: van type trucks, morphological bionic design, aerodynamic drag coefficient, compound drag reduction, shroud, cab, cargo compartment

中图分类号:

U461.1

许建民, 龚晓岩, 宋雷, 郑庆杰. 基于形态仿生学的厢式货车复合气动减阻方案[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(2): 224-231.

XU Jianmin, GONG Xiaoyan, SONG Lei, ZHENG Qingjie. Compound aerodynamic drag reduction schemes of van type trucks based on morphological bionics[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(2): 224-231.

图/表 26

参考文献 23

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模型编号	l / L	C_D	减阻率/%
1	1/10	0.849	2.30
2	2/10	0.845	2.76
3	3/10	0.838	3.57
4	4/10	0.844	2.88

模型编号	l / L	C_D	减阻率/%
1	1/10	0.849	2.30
2	2/10	0.845	2.76
3	3/10	0.838	3.57
4	4/10	0.844	2.88

水平	因素1 ，	因素2，	因素3 ，
水平	θ / (°)	b / m	w / m
1	120	0.8	0.7
2	130	1.1	1.0
3	140	1.4	1.3

水平	因素1 ，	因素2，	因素3 ，
水平	θ / (°)	b / m	w / m
1	120	0.8	0.7
2	130	1.1	1.0
3	140	1.4	1.3

模型	θ / (°)	b / m	w / m	C_D	减阻率 / %
1	120	0.8	0.7	0.800 6	7.87
2	120	1.1	1.3	0.797 5	8.23
3	120	1.4	1.0	0.790 2	9.07
4	130	0.8	1.3	0.802 0	7.71
5	130	1.1	1.0	0.815 9	6.11
6	130	1.4	0.7	0.803 2	7.57
7	140	0.8	1.0	0.812 7	6.48
8	140	1.1	0.7	0.819 8	5.66
9	140	1.4	1.3	0.810 9	6.69