基于塑性变形能与改进动量法的交通事故参数计算

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将车辆的塑性变形能与常规动量法模型相结合,提出一种进行交通事故参数计算的改进的动量法模型。该模型基于综合考虑平面运动和回转运动的二维点碰撞动力学,并引入事故中两车碰撞前的角速度。针对某起真实交通事故,两车在碰撞中发生了平面与回转运动,并发生了动量、冲量的交换。通过Matlab数值模拟,计算两车的速度与角速度等参数,进而重建交通事故,并与PC-crash软件仿真结果对比。结果表明：改进的动量法模型数值模拟结果与PC-crash软件仿真结果较为接近,线速度误差小于5%;与传统能量法的结果相比,该模型结果更加接近车辆正面非对心碰撞事故发生的情况。

关键词: 交通安全, 交通事故重建, 动量法改进模型, 碰撞形变, 恢复因数, 车辆运动参数

Abstract:

An improved model was proposed to compute the traffic accident parameters through combining the vehicle plastic deformation energy and the conventional momentum model. The model was based on the two-dimensional point collision dynamics with comprehensively considering the plane and rotary motions, and also considered the angular velocity before the collision of two vehicles in accidents. Plane motions and rotary motions occurred between two vehicles in the collision process with momentum-impulse exchanges in a real traffic accident case. Through numerical simulations, both linear and angular velocities of collided vehicles in the traffic accident were calculated and analyzed, and the traffic accident scenarios were reconstructed. The numerical simulation results compared very well with those of PC- CRASH software. The results show that the calculated results by the improved momentum model are very close to the results obtained by the PC-CRASH software with a linear velocity error of less than 5%. The results of the improved model are closer to that of the real situation of vehicle frontal non-center collision accidents compared with the traditional energy method.

Key words: traffic safety, traffic accident reconstruction, improved momentum model, collision deformation, recovery factor, vehicle motion parameters

中图分类号:

U491.31

陈家涌, 吴新烨. 基于塑性变形能与改进动量法的交通事故参数计算[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(3): 446-452.

CHEN Jiayong, WU Xinye. Parameter calculation of traffic accidents based on the plastic deformation energy and the improved momentum method[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(3): 446-452.

图/表 12

参考文献 23

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车辆编号	m / t	J / (t·m²)	各项尺寸 / m
车辆编号	m / t	J / (t·m²)	L	W	H	R	a_j	b_j	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	W₀
车1	1.610	2.599	4.67	1.90	1.34	1.46	-1.04	-0.61	0.25	0.36	0.46	0.44	0.42	0.43	0.84
车2	1.360	1.409	4.2	1.745	1.20	1.33	2.11	0.70	0.21	0.32	0.41	0.42	0.43	0.34	0.73

车辆编号	m / t	J / (t·m²)	各项尺寸 / m
车辆编号	m / t	J / (t·m²)	L	W	H	R	a_j	b_j	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	W₀
车1	1.610	2.599	4.67	1.90	1.34	1.46	-1.04	-0.61	0.25	0.36	0.46	0.44	0.42	0.43	0.84
车2	1.360	1.409	4.2	1.745	1.20	1.33	2.11	0.70	0.21	0.32	0.41	0.42	0.43	0.34	0.73

车辆编号	v_i₁ m·s^-1	ω rad·s^-1	α (°)	(N,T) / m
车辆编号	v_i₁ m·s^-1	ω rad·s^-1	α (°)	车1	车2
车1	11.74	1.19	-30	（7.12,-2.56）	（7.06,-2.50）
车2	8.95	1.16	153	（-5.44,2.11）	（-5.58,2.10）

车辆编号	v_i₁ m·s^-1	ω rad·s^-1	α (°)	(N,T) / m
车辆编号	v_i₁ m·s^-1	ω rad·s^-1	α (°)	车1	车2
车1	11.74	1.19	-30	（7.12,-2.56）	（7.06,-2.50）
车2	8.95	1.16	153	（-5.44,2.11）	（-5.58,2.10）

车辆编号	v / (km·h^-1)	ω / (rad·s^-1)	H / m	a / (m·s²)
车1	56.7	0.40	0.58	5.4
车2	44.5	0.10	0.60	5.8