假人与人体模型在AEB作用下的驾驶员离位响应对比

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究假人与人体模型在不同制动强度下驾驶员离位响应差异性，进行假人与人体模型的仿真实验。构建人体乘员约束测试装置（THOR）假人和人体安全模型（THUMS）的驾驶员约束系统模型，将MADYMO的主动人体模型(AHM)与LS-DYNA有限元约束系统耦合构建AHM模型的驾驶员约束系统模型，提取假人与人体模型头部、肩部、胸部及膝部的位移―时间历程曲线，并开展假人与人体模型离位差异性分析和不同安全带约束下驾驶员离位分析。结果表明：参考志愿者实验数据，3个模型离位都在志愿者响应通道范围内，人体模型AHM和THUMS具有更高的离位运动生物逼真度；相较于标准安全带，主动预紧安全带能够有效降低驾驶员在自动紧急制动(AEB)工况下离位响应。

关键词: 离位响应, 自动紧急制动(AEB), 主动预紧安全带, 主动人体模型(AHM), 人体安全模型（THUMS）, 人体乘员约束测试装置（THOR）假人

Abstract:

In order to investigate the differences in driver’s out-of-position response under different braking intensities of dummy and human models, simulation experiments of dummy and human models were carried out. The driver-restraint system models of test device for human occupant restraint (THOR) dummy and total human model for safety (THUMS) were constructed, and the driver-restraint system model of active human model (AHM) was constructed by coupling the AHM of MADYMO and LS-DYNA finite element restraint system. The displacement-time history curves of the head, shoulders, chest and knees of dummy and human models were extracted, and the out-of-position difference analysis of dummy and human models and the analysis of driver’s out-of-position under different seat belt constraints were carried out. The results showed that the 3 models are within the range of the volunteer response channel with reference to the volunteer experimental data, and the AHM and THUMS have higher biological realism of out-off-position motion. Compared to standard seat belts, active pretension seat belts can effectively reduce the driver’s response to disengagement under autonomous emergence braking (AEB) conditions.

Key words: out-of-position response, autonomous emergency brake (AEB), active pretention seatbelt, active human model (AHM), total human model for safety (THUMS), test device for human occupant restraint (THOR) dummy

中图分类号:

U461.91

任立海, 罗志秦, 陈浩, 蒋成约. 假人与人体模型在AEB作用下的驾驶员离位响应对比[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(4): 448-456.

REN Lihai, LUO Zhiqin, CHEN Hao, JIANG Chengyue. Comparison of driver’s out-of-position response of dummy and human models under AEB[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(4): 448-456.

图/表 11

参考文献 29

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制动强度	肌肉状态		颈部收缩比	颈部联合收缩延迟	强度因子	反应时间	控制器延迟
m· s^-2	颈部\脊柱	肩部\肘部\髋部\膝部	颈部收缩比	颈部联合收缩延迟	强度因子	反应时间	控制器延迟
4	激活状态	睡眠状态	0.5	未启用	0.81	0	未启用
10	激活状态	睡眠状态	0.5	未启用	1	0.1	未启用

制动强度	肌肉状态		颈部收缩比	颈部联合收缩延迟	强度因子	反应时间	控制器延迟
m· s^-2	颈部\脊柱	肩部\肘部\髋部\膝部	颈部收缩比	颈部联合收缩延迟	强度因子	反应时间	控制器延迟
4	激活状态	睡眠状态	0.5	未启用	0.81	0	未启用
10	激活状态	睡眠状态	0.5	未启用	1	0.1	未启用

仿真序号	制动强度 m·s^-2		模型			安全带类型
仿真序号	4	10	AHM	THOR	THUMS	SB	PT
1	√		√			√	√
2	√			√		√	√
3	√				√	√	√
4		√	√			√	√
5		√		√		√	√
6		√			√	√	√

仿真序号	制动强度 m·s^-2		模型			安全带类型
仿真序号	4	10	AHM	THOR	THUMS	SB	PT
1	√		√			√	√
2	√			√		√	√
3	√				√	√	√
4		√	√			√	√
5		√		√		√	√
6		√			√	√	√

部位区域	S_AHM / mm		增比 / %	S_THUMS / mm		增比 / %	S_THOR / mm		增比 / %
部位区域	S-4	S-10	增比 / %	S-4	S-10	增比 / %	S-4	S-10	增比 / %
头部_质心	52.8	71.1	34.7	52.1	93.1	78.7	16.6	57.0	243.4
肩部_右侧	32.8	64.1	95.4	13.4	33.6	150.7	8.4	41.8	397.6
肩部_左侧	28.1	37.2	32.4	18.0	34.4	91.1	6.7	48.1	617.9
胸部_中间	26.1	42.9	64.4	14.3	28.0	95.8	7	31.8	354.3
膝部_右侧	0.5	4.3	―	1.9	3.0	57.9	1.9	7.2	―
膝部_左侧	0.4	4.6	―	3.1	4.0	29.0	1.8	12.2	―