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汽车安全与节能学报

JASE ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 502-510.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2019.04.012

• 汽车节能与环保 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池低温循环老化的空间分布与特征

刘中孝 1，葛昊1，李哲 1,2，张雅琨 3，张剑波 *1,2#br#   

  1. （1. 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，清华大学，北京 100084，中国；
    2. 北京电动车辆协同创新中心，北京理工 大学，北京 100081，中国；
    3. 北京长城华冠汽车科技股份有限公司，北京 100081，中国） 
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-04 出版日期:2019-12-31 发布日期:2020-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 张剑波（1967—），男（汉），河南，教授。Email：jbzhang@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author ： 刘中孝（1989—），男（汉），河南，博士研究生。Email：liuzhongxiao89@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（ 51577104，U1864214）；科技部重点研发资助项目（ 2017YFB0102201）。

Distribution and characteristics of degradation of lithium ion batteries cycled at low temperature

LIU Zhongxiao1, GE Hao1, LI Zhe1,2, ZHANG Yakun3, ZHANG Jianbo* 1,2   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Beijing CoInnovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; 
    3. CH-AUTO Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 101300, China)
  • Received:2019-04-04 Online:2019-12-31 Published:2020-01-01

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摘要： 为探究锂离子电池的低温循环性能与电池老化后的分布与特征，设计了低温循环的正交实验， 通过主因分析、解体物化分析的方法分别探究了影响电池低温循环老化的主次因素、老化后的析锂分 布特征。研究结果表明：影响电池低温老化的 3 个重要因素的主次顺序为温度 >充电电流 >充电截 止电压；析锂电池的老化分布特征为：中间电极层比外侧电极层析锂多，同一电极层内的负极极耳位 置和中心位置比同一电极层内其他位置析锂更多。电池内电流密度的分布是电池析锂分布的主要原因， 电池内电流密度较大位置的电位更易低于析锂电位而发生析锂，电池设计时应使电流密度均匀分布。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 低温循环, 析锂, 主因分析, 老化分布

Abstract: Orthogonal experiments were utilized to explore the characteristics and distribution of degradation of lithium ion batteries cycled at low temperature. The main aging factors and internal lithium plating distribution were investigated with the statistical method and post-mortem physical-chemical analysis, respectively. The results showed that the order of the 3 important aging factors are the ambient temperature > charge current > charge cut-off voltage. The amount of lithium plated in center electrodes is greater than that in the outer electrodes. The amount of lithium plated in central area and the area near the negative tab is greater than that on other areas in the same electrode layer. The main reason for such lithium plating distribution is attributed to the non-uniformity in the current density in the battery, as the voltage at areas with larger current density reaches the lithium plating potential easier. Therefore, to alleviate degradation from lithium plating, an effective measure is to design battery with more uniform current density distribution.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, cycling at low temperature, lithium plating, main factor analysis, degradation distribution