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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2): 151-157.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2012.02.008

• 汽车节能与环保 • 上一篇    下一篇

动力锂离子电池的安全性控制策略及其试验验证

李建军1, 王 莉1,高 剑1,何向明1,2 *,田光宇2,张剑波2   

  1. 1. 清华大学 核能与新能源技术研究院,北京 100084 ;
    2. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2012-04-11 出版日期:2012-06-18 发布日期:2012-07-04
  • 通讯作者: 何向明,研究室主任。E-mail :hexm@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李建军(1972—),男(汉),河北,高工。E-mail: leejj@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技部国际合作(2010DFA72760); 国家重点基础研究发展“九七三”计划(2011CB935902,2011CB711202);
    清华大学自主科研计划(2010THZ08116,2011THZ08139 和2011THZ01004)

Safety control strategy of large format Li-ion batteries and test verification

LI Jianjun1, WANG Li1, GAO Jian1, HE Xiangming1,2 *, TIAN Guangyu2, ZHANG Jianbo2   

  1. 1. Institute of Nuclear & New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2012-04-11 Online:2012-06-18 Published:2012-07-04

摘要: 锂离子动力电池的安全性决定了它的市场生存,而控制电池热失控是锂离子电池安全性研究
的最具挑战的课题。该文介绍了动力锂离子电池的现场失效安全性和滥用安全性现状,探究了动力电
池发生热失控的内在演变过程,并从电池的正负极、电解液、隔膜和集流体等方面分析了材料对电池
热失控安全性的影响;提出了控制大型动力电池安全性的一般策略;并通过关键材料的改性,研制了
标称容量12 Ah 的三元材料 (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2) 体系动力锂离子电池,其比能量为160 Wh/kg,比功
率达1.25 kW/kg。进行了该电池的0.5 C 倍率、20 V 过充电测试和150 ℃、4 h 的4.2 V 满电态热箱
试验。结果表明:电池具有较高安全性,验证了安全性控制策略的有效性;安全性电池的自放电和化
学稳定性均优于普通电池。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 安全性, 热失控过程, 控制策略, 三元材料动力电池

Abstract: Whether the lithium-ion battery can enter the EV, HEV and PHEV markets depends on its safety, and the
thermal runaway control is the most critical challenges. This paper discusses the field failure abuse thermal runaway
of large format lithium ion batteries in vehicular applications, focusing on the evolution of the insight process of thermal
runaway. In terms of the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, separator and current collector, the impacts on
safety of the key materials are reviewed, with the battery safety control strategy proposed. The LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 based
battery with nominal capacity of 12 Ah was developed with modified key materials with energy density of 160 Wh/kg and
power density of 1.25 kW/kg. Tests were carried out for 0.5 C rate / 20 V overcharge and fully charged state (4.2 V) hot-box
at 150 °C for 4 h. The results show that the batteries are safe, the effectiveness of the proposed safety control strategy is
verified, and the self-discharge and chemical stability of the safe batteries arebetter than those of traditional batteries.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, safety, thermal runaway process, control strategy, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 based power battery

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