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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (04): 391-400.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2014.04.013

• 汽车节能与环保 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池低温放电性能及电池间一致性（英文）

张剑波，黄俊，陈璐凡，李哲   

  1. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084，中国
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-29 出版日期:2014-12-25 发布日期:2014-12-29

Lithium-ion battery discharge behaviors at low temperatures and cell-to-cell uniformity

ZHANG Jianbo, HUANG Jun, CHEN Lufan, LI Zhe   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2014-07-29 Online:2014-12-25 Published:2014-12-29
  • Supported by:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目 (51207080, 51377097)

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摘要：

用实验方法研究了锂离子电池在低温下的放电性能以及电池间一致性。在不同温度下，测量
了多节18650 型号的锂离子电池的恒流放电与电化学阻抗谱（EIS）。当环境温度从25 ℃降至－ 20 ℃
时，4 节电池的平均容量降低了58.4%，而容量的标准方差增大了6 倍。EIS 结果表明：降低环境温度
会明显增大电池的阻抗，特别是电荷转移阻抗(RCT)，同时，电池间的阻抗差异也被放大。15 节电池
的统计结果表明：电池放电容量与其阻抗之间存在线性关系。因此，低温下电池容量方差的增大是由
于电池阻抗方差的增大引起的，而其中，电荷转移阻抗(RCT) 起了主要作用。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电池一致性, 低温放电性能, 电化学阻抗谱, 电池分选方法

Abstract:

The discharge behavior and uniformity of lithium-ion batteries were experimentally investigated at
low temperatures. The discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test were conducted
for several commercial 18650 type cells. The cell average capacity decreases by 58.4% with the capacity
standard deviation increasing by 6.6 times when the temperature decreases from 25 ℃ to -20 ℃ . The charge
transfer resistance (Rct) dramatically increases, dominating other types of resistance. The cell impedance
variations, mainly in the Rct, increase significantly at lower temperatures. A linear correlation between
the capacity and the over-potential resistance is established by statistics from 15 cells. Therefore, at low
temperatures, the cell-to-cell capacity variation increase is attributed to the cell over-potential resistance (mainly
the Rct) variation increase.