不同类型互通立交匝道上驾驶人心理负荷的差异

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了在不同类型的环境复杂的互通立交匝道区域上，驾驶人心理负荷的差异。开展实车试验，收集了驾驶人心率等数据，基于心电双模态指标（心率、心率变异性），构建了心理负荷评估体系。结果显示：相较于一般互通立交匝道，驾驶人在枢纽互通立交匝道的心理负荷更高。在互通立交中，驾驶人的心理负荷在小半径环圈式匝道区域最高，其次是左转半定向式匝道区域，在右转定向式匝道区域最低。驾驶人在枢纽互通场景下更为紧张；相较其他类型的匝道区域，小半径环圈式匝道区域下驾驶人的心理负荷最大，且心理负荷程度与匝道半径呈现显著负相关关系。因此笔者建议：枢纽互通路段应提前设置减速标志。

关键词: 交通工程, 互通立交, 立交匝道, 驾驶行为, 心率指标, 心理负荷

Abstract:

Interchange ramp areas present complex environments where drivers' mental workload varies significantly. The drivers' mental workloads were analyzed while they crossed different interchange ramp types, with the data of driver heart rates being collected by real-vehicle experiments. A mental workload evaluation system was established by using dual-modal electrocardiogram indicators (the HR (heart rate) and the HRV (heart rate variability)). The results show that drivers experience higher mental workload in hub interchange ramps than that in general interchange ramps. Within interchanges, the mental workload is the highest in small-radius loop ramps, followed by the left-turn semi-directional ramps, and the lowest in right-turn directional ramps. Drivers also exhibit greater tension in hub interchange scenarios. The mental workload demonstrates a significant negative correlation with ramp radius. The authors recommend installing deceleration signs in advance on hub interchange sections.

Key words: traffic engineering, interchange, interchange ramps, driving behaviors, heart rate indicators, psychological load

中图分类号:

U491.2

梁雨琛, 段伟建, 张诗, 朱兴林, 徐进. 不同类型互通立交匝道上驾驶人心理负荷的差异[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(6): 851-858.

LIANG Yuchen, DUAN Weijian, ZHANG Shi, ZHU Xinglin, XU Jin. Mental workload variations of drivers navigating over the differential types of interchange ramps[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(6): 851-858.

图/表 14

参考文献 17

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立交功能	结构形式	名称	匝道区域代码	匝道形式
枢纽互通	变形苜蓿叶形(对称双环式)	白杨沟立交	BY	右转定向式匝道
	变形苜蓿叶形(对称双环式)	白杨沟立交	BZ	左转半定向式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	东环立交	DX1	小半径环圈式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	东环立交	DX2	小半径环圈式匝道
一般互通	变形苜蓿叶形(单环式)	石港立交	SY	右转定向式匝道
		石港立交	SZ	左转半定向式匝道
		盘龙立交	TY	右转定向式匝道
		盘龙立交	TZ	左转半定向式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	何家梁立交	HX1	小半径环圈式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	何家梁立交	HX2	小半径环圈式匝道

立交功能	结构形式	名称	匝道区域代码	匝道形式
枢纽互通	变形苜蓿叶形(对称双环式)	白杨沟立交	BY	右转定向式匝道
	变形苜蓿叶形(对称双环式)	白杨沟立交	BZ	左转半定向式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	东环立交	DX1	小半径环圈式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	东环立交	DX2	小半径环圈式匝道
一般互通	变形苜蓿叶形(单环式)	石港立交	SY	右转定向式匝道
		石港立交	SZ	左转半定向式匝道
		盘龙立交	TY	右转定向式匝道
		盘龙立交	TZ	左转半定向式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	何家梁立交	HX1	小半径环圈式匝道
	完全苜蓿叶形	何家梁立交	HX2	小半径环圈式匝道

指标	指标平均值/ ms
	枢纽互通			一般互通
	右转定向式匝道区域	左转半定向式匝道区域	小半径环圈式匝道区域	右转定向式匝道区域	左转半定向式匝道区域	小半径环圈式匝道区域
RMSSD	23.12	27.43	24.50	24.57	21.45	24.81
SDNN	27.63	28.34	26.65	30.20	27.73	29.14
LFnorm	57.96	54.18	55.34	54.47	51.49	50.78
LFHF	1.56	1.51	1.73	1.55	1.44	1.29

指标	指标平均值/ ms
	枢纽互通			一般互通
	右转定向式匝道区域	左转半定向式匝道区域	小半径环圈式匝道区域	右转定向式匝道区域	左转半定向式匝道区域	小半径环圈式匝道区域
RMSSD	23.12	27.43	24.50	24.57	21.45	24.81
SDNN	27.63	28.34	26.65	30.20	27.73	29.14
LFnorm	57.96	54.18	55.34	54.47	51.49	50.78
LFHF	1.56	1.51	1.73	1.55	1.44	1.29