基于真实碰撞事故的弱势道路使用者多重损伤部位分布

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究了在车辆碰撞事故中弱势道路使用者（VRUs）多重损伤的身体部位分布，以便对事故发生概率提供数据支撑。基于已有视频信息的“VRU 交通事故数据库（VRU-TRAVi）”筛选出 159 起深度事故案例；利用视频逐帧分析法获取碰撞速度；采用简明损伤定级（AIS）和最大简明损伤定级（MAIS）评估损伤部位。结果表明：头部与下肢是最容易受伤的部位，头部损伤共 139 起，占 87.4%；下肢损伤共 111 起，占 69.8%，损伤程度分布在轻度（AIS1）、中度（AIS2）、较重（AIS3）之间。双部位或 3 部位损伤同时达到 AIS2 及以上时，头-胸腹或头-胸腹-下肢的多重损伤组合最多，占 49.0% 或58.8%。头部出现 MAIS 为极重度（MAIS6）的案例最多，占 MAIS6 总量的 95.7%，是导致 VRUs 死亡的主要原因。

关键词: 车辆碰撞, 弱势道路使用者（VRUs）, 深度事故, 多重损伤部位

Abstract:

The distribution of multiple injuries across body regions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) in vehicle collision accidents was investigated to provide data support for assessing accident occurrence probabilities. 159 cases of in-depth traffic accident were selected from the existed VRU traffic accident database with video (VRU-TRAVi). The impact velocities were acquired by using the method of Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) and the frame-by-frame video analysis. The body injury regions were evaluated by using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS). The results show that the head and the lower limbs are the most common sites of injury. The head injuries total 139 cases, accounting for 87.4% of the total. Lower limb injuries reach 111 cases (69.8%), with the severity being classified into three grades: the minor (AIS 1), the moderate (AIS 2), and the serious (AIS 3). Dual-site/triple-site injuries reach AIS 2 or above, the combination of the head-thorax and abdomen/the head-thorax and abdomen-lower limbs is the most frequent, accounting for 49.0% and 58.8%. The highest proportion of cases is the Maximum Absolute Injury Severity (MAIS) score of 6 in the head region, accounting for 95.7% of all MAIS 6 cases, it is also the primary cause of fatalities in VRUs.

Key words: vehicle collisions, vulnerable road users (VRUs), in-depth accidents, multiple injuries region

中图分类号:

461.91

王涵颖, 潘迪, 李卓, 刘慧, 韩勇. 基于真实碰撞事故的弱势道路使用者多重损伤部位分布[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(6): 843-850.

WANG Hanying, PAN Di, LI Zhuo, LIU Hui, HAN Yong. Distribution of body regions of multiple injuries in vulnerable road users based on real collisions accidents[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(6): 843-850.

图/表 10

图1 世界坐标系

AIS分值	损伤描述
1	轻度(通常不会造成严重后果)
2	中度(通常不会造成严重后果)
3	较重(可能造成永久性残疾或丧失生命能力)
4	重度(可能造成永久性残疾或丧失生命能力)
5	危重(可能造成永久性残疾或丧失生命能力)
6	极度(目前不可救治，生存概率极小)
9	不反映AIS严重度水平的任何信息

表1 AIS等级描述

图2 VRUs基本信息统计(N = 159)

图3 车辆速度分布(N = 159)

图4 6种运动学特征分布(N = 159)

图5 VRUs单一损伤部位AIS等级分布(N = 352)

图6 人体多部位损伤达到AIS2+级的分布特征

图7 人体最大损伤部位（MAIS）等级分布

图8 年龄和车速与损伤的关系(N = 159)

图9 运动学特征与损伤部位关系(N = 159)

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