考虑动能回收的电动客车长下坡制动盘温升状态

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.03.002

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 274-281.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.03.002

考虑动能回收的电动客车长下坡制动盘温升状态

李子添¹(), 李彬¹^,^*(), 霍珅扬¹, 张晶², 吕小侠³

1.长安大学汽车学院，西安 710064，中国
2.宝鸡吉利汽车部件有限公司，宝鸡 721300，中国
3.北京小米移动软件有限公司，北京 100085，中国

收稿日期:2022-09-14 修回日期:2023-04-25 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-06-29
通讯作者: *李彬(1982—)，男(汉)，陕西，副教授。E-mail: binli@chd.edu.cn。
作者简介:李子添(2000—)，男(汉)，广东，大学本科生。E-mail: KAWHI86@outlook.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0102700);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(300102223208)

Temperature rising state of the brake disc of electric bus on long-downhill considering kinetic energy recovery

LI Zitian¹(), LI Bin¹^,^*(), HUO Shenyang¹, ZHANG Jing², LÜ Xiaoxia³

1. School of Automobile, Chang ‘an University, Xian 710064, China
2. Baoji Geely Auto Parts Co. LTD, Baoji 721300, China
3. Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co. LTD, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2022-09-14 Revised:2023-04-25 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-06-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高纯电动客车的安全性，研究了对中央驱动式纯电动客车，在长下坡工况制动盘温升过高的问题。采用模拟仿真和实际道路试验，对某电动客车的制动器和制动卡钳温升进行相关性研究，基于Ansys Workbench软件建立制动盘的热力耦合模型，利用Matlab根据实验数据拟合出制动钳与制动盘温升的相关函数。结果表明：该中央驱动式纯电动客车利用电机反拖持续制动坡度约为3.99%，坡度更大时需要行车制动参与。制动卡钳和制动盘温升相关系数高达0.9，从而，制动卡钳温度可用于监测制动盘热衰退和安全预警。这些结果，可为纯电动客车长下坡制动安全提供数据支撑。

关键词: 纯电动客车, 制动动能回收, 长下坡, 温升, 有限元分析

Abstract:

The high brake-disc temperature-rise in long downhill conditions was investigated for pure electric buses with central drive to improve the safety of pure electric buses. The simulations and the real road tests were used to investigate the temperature correlation between the ventilated disc brakes and the brake calipers of a certain vehicle model. A thermodynamic coupling model of brake disc was established based on Ansys Workbench software, and the temperature fitting function between brake caliper and brake disc was fitted by Matlab based on the experimental data. The results show that the continuous braking gradient is about 3.99% by anti-drag braking, and the service braking involvement is required when the gradient is larger. Brake calipers and disc temperature rise correlation coefficients is up to 0.9. That means that brake caliper temperature is used to monitor the brake-disc thermal decay for safety warning. These results provide data support for the long-downhill braking safety for pure electric buses.

Key words: pure electric buses, brake kinetic energy recovery, long-downhill, temperature rise, finite element analysis

中图分类号:

U467.1+4

李子添, 李彬, 霍珅扬, 张晶, 吕小侠. 考虑动能回收的电动客车长下坡制动盘温升状态[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 274-281.

LI Zitian, LI Bin, HUO Shenyang, ZHANG Jing, LÜ Xiaoxia. Temperature rising state of the brake disc of electric bus on long-downhill considering kinetic energy recovery[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(3): 274-281.

图/表 11

参考文献 18

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环境温度，θ₀	22 ℃	摩擦因数	0.4±0.06
制动器效能因数	0.65	内制动衬片半径	110 mm
制动效率	0.95	制动器有效制动半径，	147 mm
制动盘直径	377 mm	制动盘与摩擦片间隙	0.7 mm
制动盘厚度	45 mm

环境温度，θ₀	22 ℃	摩擦因数	0.4±0.06
制动器效能因数	0.65	内制动衬片半径	110 mm
制动效率	0.95	制动器有效制动半径，	147 mm
制动盘直径	377 mm	制动盘与摩擦片间隙	0.7 mm
制动盘厚度	45 mm

路面类型	f / 10^-3
良好的沥青	10~18
一般的沥青	18~20
碎石	20~25
良好的卵石	25~30
坑洼的卵石	35~50
压紧干燥土路	25~35
压紧雨后土路	50~150
结冰	15~30
压紧雪道	30~50

路面类型	f / 10^-3
良好的沥青	10~18
一般的沥青	18~20
碎石	20~25
良好的卵石	25~30
坑洼的卵石	35~50
压紧干燥土路	25~35
压紧雨后土路	50~150
结冰	15~30
压紧雪道	30~50

车型	A / m²	C_D
典型轿车	1.7~2.1	0.30~0.41
货车	3.0~7.0	0.60~1.00
客车	4.0~7.0	0.50~0.80

考虑动能回收的电动客车长下坡制动盘温升状态

Temperature rising state of the brake disc of electric bus on long-downhill considering kinetic energy recovery

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结构	热导率， λ / (W·m^-1·K^-1)	比热容， c / (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	密度， ρ / (kg·dm^-3)	线膨胀率， α_l / (10^-5 K^-1)	弹性模量， E / GPa	Poisson比
摩擦层	10.000	700	6.000	1.2	176.0	0.30
制动盘	48.360	419	7.228	1.1	175.0	0.30
制动块	1.212	1 465	2.595	3.0	1.5	0.25

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