紧急状况下驾驶人应激反应的特性指标

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2025.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究不同紧急状况下驾驶人应激反应特性指标变化规律和相互影响，该文从生理和操作行为2个方面，基于道路交通事故数据，设计12类典型道路事故紧急场景，邀请35名驾驶人，开展了驾驶模拟器实验。使用Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验法，筛选出表征驾驶人应激反应特性的6个指标。从场景复杂度与行驶速度、紧急情况感知程度和场景因素等3个维度，对指标变化规律进行分析。结果表明：在复杂交通环境和高行驶速度场景时，驾驶人警惕性更高，紧急情况对驾驶人的心理刺激更大；在交通环境更复杂的城市道路中，驾驶人的紧张程度最高，心理负荷最大，并且在发生紧急状况时反应更为迅速、行为更加激烈；在对紧急情况感知程度更低的侧面相撞场景时，驾驶人的“心率增长率”指标为9.8%，增长最高，受到的心理刺激最大；指标“感知—操作时间”最长，指标“最大制动加速度出现时间”和指标“半速时间”出现最早；在紧急情况相似场景时，驾驶人的部分应激反应特性指标，随具体因素的不同，存在差异性。

关键词: 交通工程, 驾驶行为, 驾驶人应激反应, 特性指标, 驾驶模拟器, 生理信号

Abstract:

This study explored the variation patterns and mutual influences of the characteristic indicators of drivers' stress responses under different emergency situations. From two aspects, namely physiology and operational behavior, based on road traffic accident data, 12 types of typical road accident emergency scenarios were designed, with 35 drivers being invited to conduct driving simulator experiments. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test method was used to screen out 6 indicators representing drivers' stress response characteristics. The variation patterns of these indicators were analyzed from three dimensions: the scene complexity and the driving speed, the degree of perception of emergency situations, and the scene factors. The results show that drivers are more vigilant, and emergency situations have a greater psychological impact when experiencing complex traffic environments and high driving speeds. Drivers are the most nervous, with the highest psychological load, and they respond more quickly and behave more intensely when an emergency occurs in urban roads with more complex traffic environments. When experiencing a side collision scenario where the degree of perception of the emergency situation is lower, the “heart rate growth rate” of drivers is 9.8%, which is the highest increase, indicating that they are most strongly affected psychologically. The indicator “perception-operation time” is the longest, and the indicators “time of occurrence of maximum braking acceleration” and “half-speed time” occur the earliest. There are also differences in some of the characteristic indicators of drivers' stress responses when experiencing scenarios with similar emergency situations, due to differences in specific factors within the scenarios.

Key words: traffic engineering, driving behavior, drivers' stress response, characteristic indicators, driving simulator, physiological signal

中图分类号:

U491.31

吴庆富, 袁满荣, 郝帅杰, 刘嘉伟, 牛世峰, 刘金峰. 紧急状况下驾驶人应激反应的特性指标[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2025, 16(1): 43-49.

WU Qingfu, YUAN Manrong, HAO Shuaijie, LIU Jiawei, NIU Shifeng, LIU Jinfeng. Characteristic indicators of driver stress response in emergency situations[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2025, 16(1): 43-49.

图/表 7

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