商用重载车尾气排放与驾驶行为的参数关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为以生态驾驶行为来减少尾气排放，分析了商用重载车辆尾气排放量。针对CO₂、CO、氮氧化物(NO_x)、总碳氢化合物(THC)、颗粒物(PM)这5种排放物，测量了不同速度、工况下排放量；分析了异常驾驶行为对排放的影响。利用按速度聚类后的数据累计平均值，划分模型构建区间，选取速度、加速度、车辆比功率（VSP）作为模型自变量，构建了反映驾驶行为与排放关系的预测三元线性回归方程。结果表明：预测方程的多重判定系数均超过0.5，预测数据通过了配对T检验；对于5种排放物，预测方程的加速度对尾气排放影响显著。提出了减少污染物排放量的、优化驾驶行为以及生态驾驶行为建议。

关键词: 车辆尾气排放, 生态驾驶行为, 重载车辆, 回归分析, 车辆比功率（VSP）

Abstract:

The exhaust emissions were analyzed for commercial heavy-duty vehicles to reduce exhaust emissions with ecological driving behavior. Five exhaust emissions, namely CO₂, CO, NO_x (nitrogen oxides), THC (total hydrocarbon), and PM (particulate matter), were measured at different speeds and operating conditions; The influence of abnormal driving on emissions were also analysed. The cumulative average value of the data clustered according to the speed was used to divide the model construction interval. The speed, acceleration and Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) were selected as the independent variables of the emission model. Ternary linear regression equations were constructed to reflect the relationship between driving behavior and emissions. The results show that the multiple decision coefficients of the prediction equations are more than 0.5, and the prediction data passes the paired T test; In emission prediction equations, the acceleration has a significant impact on five exhaust emissions. Suggestions on reducing pollutant emissions, optimizing driving behaviors, and ecological driving behaviors are put forward.

Key words: vehicle exhaust emissions, ecological driving behaviors, heavy-duty vehicles, regression analysis, vehicle specific power (VSP)

中图分类号:

徐婷, 陈姝屹, 彭冲, 陈亦新, 梁泽恺, 赵磊. 商用重载车尾气排放与驾驶行为的参数关系[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(3): 365-374.

XU Ting, CHEN Shuyi, PENG Chong, CHEN Yixin, LIANG Zekai, ZHAO Lei. Parameter relationship between exhaust emissions and driving behaviors for commercial heavy-duty vehicles[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(3): 365-374.

图/表 17

参考文献 21

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参数配置	试验车辆	验证车辆
最大功率/ kW	180	221
对应转速/ (r·min^-1)	2 300	1 900
最大扭矩/ kNm	0.950	1.390
对应转速/ (r·min^-1)	1 400	1 200~1 500
排量/ L	6.700	9.726
整备质量/ t	9.00	12.20
总质量/ t	25.00	31.00
整车长度/ m	9.24	11.97
整车宽度/ m	2.50	2.55
整车高度/ m	3.03, 3.60, 3.69	3.95

参数配置	试验车辆	验证车辆
最大功率/ kW	180	221
对应转速/ (r·min^-1)	2 300	1 900
最大扭矩/ kNm	0.950	1.390
对应转速/ (r·min^-1)	1 400	1 200~1 500
排量/ L	6.700	9.726
整备质量/ t	9.00	12.20
总质量/ t	25.00	31.00
整车长度/ m	9.24	11.97
整车宽度/ m	2.50	2.55
整车高度/ m	3.03, 3.60, 3.69	3.95

工况类型	工况定义
怠速	v < 0.5 km/h，\|a\| < 0.15 m/s²。
匀速	v > 0.5 km/h，△v < 1 km/h，\|a\| < 0.15 m/s²。
加速	整体为加速，区间内允许不大于1 s的匀速。
减速	整体为减速，区间内允许不大于1 s的匀速。

工况类型	工况定义
怠速	v < 0.5 km/h，\|a\| < 0.15 m/s²。
匀速	v > 0.5 km/h，△v < 1 km/h，\|a\| < 0.15 m/s²。
加速	整体为加速，区间内允许不大于1 s的匀速。
减速	整体为减速，区间内允许不大于1 s的匀速。

速度分类	v /（km·h^-1）
速度分类	聚类中心值	区间值
低速	14	[0，28)
中速	55	[28，80)
高速	105	[80，130)