车辆碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤的特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.05.003

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 544-554.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2023.05.003

车辆碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤的特性

杨欣¹^,⁴(), 秦豪毅¹^,³, 马帅²^,³^,^*, 宋家锋²^,³^,⁵^,⁶, 朱勇³, 王瑞祥¹^,³, 许述财²^,³^,^*()

1.河北农业大学机电工程学院，保定 071001，中国
2.汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，清华大学，北京 100084，中国
3.清华大学苏州汽车研究院（相城），苏州 215134，中国
4.河北省智慧农业装备技术创新中心，保定 071001，中国
5.工程仿生教育部重点实验室，吉林大学，长春 130022，中国
6.运输车辆检测、诊断与维修技术交通行业重点实验室，济南 250357，中国

收稿日期:2023-04-02 修回日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2023-10-31 发布日期:2023-10-31
通讯作者: ^*许述财，副研究员. E-mail：xushc@tsinghua.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨欣（1974—），男（汉），河北，教授。E-mail:yangxin@hebau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0204302);国家自然科学基金(51305223);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);工程仿生教育部重点实验室开放基金(K202208);运输车辆检测、诊断与维修技术交通行业重点实验室开放课题(JTZL2102);河北省教育厅在读研究生创新能力培养项目(CXZZBS2023080)

Characteristics on the active response of driver's hand on the human injury in vehicle crashes

YANG Xin¹^,⁴(), QIN Haoyi¹^,³, MA Shuai²^,³^,^*, SONG Jiafeng²^,³^,⁵^,⁶, ZHU Yong³, WANG Ruixiang¹^,³, XU Shucai²^,³^,^*()

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. Tsinghua University Suzhou Automobile Research Institute, Suzhou 215134, China
4. Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Baoding 071001, China
5. The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun130022, China
6. Key Laboratory of Transportation Industry for Transport Vehicle Detection, Diagnosis and Maintenance Technology, Jinan 250357, China

Received:2023-04-02 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2023-10-31 Published:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了车辆碰撞环境下驾驶员手部在方向盘上的主动响应及对人体损伤的影响，以便对于人体损伤标准完善及车辆安全防护设计，提供参考数据。将假人手部结构重建，使手部具备抓握能力。利用关节约束力矩模拟抓握力，设置手部具有抓握力及抓握方向盘不同位置的仿真模型，计算获得假人各部位损伤数值，与标准假人损伤对比。结果显示：抓握状态下，头部伤害指标（HIC）峰值增加37.5%，颈部伸张力矩最大值减少22.3%，胸部压缩量最大值减少3%，大腿压缩力峰值减少36.5%。将方向盘划分为表盘的位置方位，手部位置在11点和4点方位时，头部HIC峰值最大；手部位置在8点和4点方位时，胸部压缩量和大腿压缩力峰值最大。碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤影响较大。

关键词: 汽车碰撞, 中国体征假人, 手部主动响应, 人体损伤, 头部伤害指标（HIC）, 胸部压缩量, 大腿压缩力

Abstract:

The active response of the driver's hand on the steering wheel in a vehicle crash environment and the effect on human injury were investigated to provide reference data for the improvement of human injury standards and the design of vehicle safety protection. The hand structure of the dummy was reconstructed so that the hand had the ability to grasp. Using the joint constraint moment to simulate the gripping force, researchers set up the simulation model of the hand with gripping force and different positions of the steering wheel, and calculated the damage values of each part of the dummy, and compared them with the damage of the standard dummy. The results show that in the gripping condition, the peak value of head injury criterion (HIC) increases by 37.5%, the maximum value of neck extension moment decreases by 22.3%, the maximum value of chest compression decreases by 3%, and the peak value of thigh compression force decreases by 36.5%. Dividing the steering wheel into positional azimuths of the dial, the peak head HIC is greatest when the hand position is in the 11 o'clock and 4 o'clock azimuth, and the peak chest compression and thigh compression forces are greatest when the hand position is in the 8 o'clock and 4 o'clock azimuth. The active response of the driver's hand in a collision is a major influence on human damage.

Key words: car collisions, Chinese physical dummies, active response of driver's hand, human injury, head injury criterion (HIC), chest compression, thigh compression force

中图分类号:

U467.14

杨欣, 秦豪毅, 马帅, 宋家锋, 朱勇, 王瑞祥, 许述财. 车辆碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤的特性[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2023, 14(5): 544-554.

YANG Xin, QIN Haoyi, MA Shuai, SONG Jiafeng, ZHU Yong, WANG Ruixiang, XU Shucai. Characteristics on the active response of driver's hand on the human injury in vehicle crashes[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2023, 14(5): 544-554.

图/表 18

参考文献 24

[1]	王婷. 我国汽车行业发展现状与趋势[J]. 企业改革与管理, 2020(16): 214-215.
	WANG Ting. Development status and trend of China’s automobile industry[J]. Enterprise Reform Manag, 2020(16): 214-215. (in Chinese)
[2]	呼慧敏, 李先学, 丁立, 等. 汽车碰撞假人研究综述[J]. 标准科学, 2015(7): 6-9.
	HU Huimin, LI Xianxue, DING Li, et al. Review of research on automobile crash dummies[J]. Standard Sci, 2015(7): 6-9. (in Chinese)
[3]	Denninger M, Huppe N, Gou M, et al. A tunable hand biofidelity-enhancing device for Hybrid III dummies[J]. Int’l J Crashworthiness, 2012, 17(4): 377-383.
[4]	刘志新, 武永强, 马伟杰. 中国体征碰撞测试假人开发路径研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2019, 21(3): 103-107.
	LIU Zhixin, WU Yongqiang, MA Weijie. Research on the development path of Chinese physical crash test dummy[J]. Eng Sci, 2019, 21(3): 103-107. (in Chinese)
[5]	XU Tao, SHENG Xiaoming, ZHANG Tianyi, et al. Development and validation of dummies and human models used in crash test[J]. Appl Bionics Biomech, 2018, 2018: 1-12.
[6]	陈嘉鑫. 基于中国体征的正碰假人仿真研究与应用[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2021.
	CHEN Jiaxin. Research and application of simulation of positive congenerative dummy based on Chinese signs[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2021. (in Chinese)
[7]	于海. 汽车驾驶人事故前应急操作行为探讨[J]. 汽车与驾驶维修(维修版), 2018(5): 104+106.
	YU Hai. Discussion on emergency operation behavior of automobile driver before accident[J]. Auto Driv Maint (Maint Ed), 2018(5): 104+106. (in Chinese)
[8]	李锵强, 李丽君, 胡宝洋. 大客车驾驶员有无手部抓握力的伤害对比数值分析[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2013, 51(4): 37-39.
	LI Qiangqiang, LI Lijun, HU Baoyang. Comparative numerical analysis of injuries with or without hand grip force in bus drivers[J]. Agri Equi Vehi Eng, 2013, 51(4): 37-39. (in Chinese)
[9]	魏玉钊, 任传波, 吕浩, 等. 碰撞中乘员有无抓握顶棚扶手下的伤害对比分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(11): 4566-4571.
	WEI Yuzhao, REN Chuanbo, LÜ Hao, et al. Comparative analysis of injuries under the roof armrest in collision[J]. Sci Tech Eng, 2020, 20(11): 4566-4571. (in Chinese)
[10]	Morvan H, Tan K H, Robache F, et al. Pre-crash investigation using a driving simulator and numerical analyses to determine the influence of the arms positions[J]. Int’l J Crashworthiness, 2007, 12(5): 531-539.
[11]	中国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 中国成年人人体尺寸: GB10000-88[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1998.
	General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China. Chinese adult body size: GB10000-88[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1998. (in Chinese)
[12]	郭磊. 汽车与两轮车碰撞事故的仿真研究及应用[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2008.
	GUO Lei. Simulation research and application of automobile and two-wheeler collision accident[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2008. (in Chinese)
[13]	陈吉清, 刘朝阳, 兰凤崇. 中国人体上肢碰撞损伤有限元模型的开发[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(8): 21-27.
	CHEN Jiqing, LIU Chaoyang, LAN Fengchong. Development of finite element model for collision damage of Chinese upper limb[J]. J South China Univ Tech (Nat Sci Ed), 2017, 45(8): 21-27. (in Chinese)
[14]	赵小欢. 仿生手的结构设计和抓握控制研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2017.
	ZHAO Xiaohuan. Research on structure design and grip control of bionic hand[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[15]	中国人民解放军总装备部. 中国男性飞行员人体尺寸: GJB4856-2003[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2003.
	General Armament Department of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Chinese male pilot body size: GJB4856-2003[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2003. (in Chinese)
[16]	Eksioglu M, Kizilaslan K. Steering-wheel grip force characteristics of drivers as a function of gender, speed, and road condition[J]. Int’l J Indu Ergonomics, 2008, 38(3-4): 354-361.
[17]	崔东, 祁志楠, 张慧. 紧急制动下的驾驶员运动姿态变化与碰撞损伤研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(8): 1060-1065.
	CUI Dong, QI Zhinan, ZHANG Hui. Study on driver motion attitude change and collision damage under emergency braking[J]. Autom Engineering, 2020, 42(8): 1060-1065. (in Chinese)
[18]	丁冉冉, 胡经国, 朱晓勇, 等. 碰撞假人颈部评价研究[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2020(1): 54-58.
	DING Ranran, HU Jingguo, ZHU Xiaoyong, et al. Evaluation of colliding dummy neck[J]. Auto Prac Tech, 2020(1): 54-58. (in Chinese)
[19]	李海岩, 李广明, 贺丽娟, 等. 汽车追尾碰撞中颈部姿态对生物力学响应的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(1): 55-62.
	LI Haiyan, LI Guangming, HE Lijuan, et al. Effect of neck attitude on biomechanical response in rear-end collision[J]. J Auto Safe Energy, 2022, 13(1): 55-62. (in Chinese)
[20]	Jakobsson L, Norin H, Svensson M Y. Parameters influencing AIS 1 neck injury outcome in frontal impacts[J]. Traf Inju Prev, 2004, 5(2): 156-163.
[21]	肖森, 杨济匡, 肖志, 等. 基于正面碰撞实验的胸部损伤有限元分析[J]. 力学学报, 2017, 49(1): 191-201. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-088
	XIAO Sen, YANG Jikuang, XIAO Zhi, et al. Finite element analysis of chest injury based on frontal collision experiment[J]. Chin J Theor Appl Mechanics, 2017, 49(1): 191-201. (in Chinese)
[22]	黄伟, 兰凤崇, 陈吉清, 等. 乘员下肢生物力学模型与KTH正面碰撞损伤分析[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2016, 6(2): 106-114.
	HUANG Wei, LAN Fengchong, CHEN Jiqing, et al. Biomechanical model of occupant lower extremity and frontal collision damage analysis of KTH[J]. J Auto Eng, 2016, 6(2): 106-114. (in Chinese)
[23]	Ammori MB, Abu-Zidan FM. The biomechanics of lower limb injuries in frontal-impact road traffic collisions[J]. Afri Health Sci, 2018, 18(2): 321-332.
[24]	XIAO Sen, SHI Xuewei, SUN Xiuxiu, et al. Impact Overlaps on occupant lower limb injuries under car frontal crash[J]. Int’l J Auto Tech, 2022, 23(3): 659-665.

手指部位	尺寸/ mm						转角/ （°）
手指部位	近指节长度	近指节直径	中指节长度	中指节直径	远指节长度	远指节直径	腕指关节	近指关节	中指关节	远指关节
拇指	23	28	26	20	35	17	0~90	0~60	—	0~100
食指	28	19	21	16	23	15	—	0~90	0~100	0~85
中指	30	20	26	18	23	17	—	0~90	0~100	0~85
无名指	26	18	24	17	24	16	—	0~90	0~100	0~85
小指	21	16	16	15	22	14	—	0~90	0~100	0~85

手指部位	尺寸/ mm						转角/ （°）
手指部位	近指节长度	近指节直径	中指节长度	中指节直径	远指节长度	远指节直径	腕指关节	近指关节	中指关节	远指关节
拇指	23	28	26	20	35	17	0~90	0~60	—	0~100
食指	28	19	21	16	23	15	—	0~90	0~100	0~85
中指	30	20	26	18	23	17	—	0~90	0~100	0~85
无名指	26	18	24	17	24	16	—	0~90	0~100	0~85
小指	21	16	16	15	22	14	—	0~90	0~100	0~85

手部抓握情况	D_x / mm		D_z / mm		F / kN		t / ms
手部抓握情况	头部	肩部	头部	肩部	肩部	肘部	头部与气囊	下肢与仪表盘
无	221.4	99.4	64.8	48.8	1.28	0.42	57.5	20.0
存在	132.2	57.1	39.1	54.6	0.90	0.83	47.5	22.5

手部抓握情况	D_x / mm		D_z / mm		F / kN		t / ms
手部抓握情况	头部	肩部	头部	肩部	肩部	肘部	头部与气囊	下肢与仪表盘
无	221.4	99.4	64.8	48.8	1.28	0.42	57.5	20.0
存在	132.2	57.1	39.1	54.6	0.90	0.83	47.5	22.5

假人姿态	HIC	a / g
存在抓握力	471.3	82.6
无抓握力	294.8	72.7
姿态1	514.0	84.2
姿态2	471.3	82.6
姿态3	473.7	86.3
姿态4	583.8	100.9

车辆碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤的特性

Characteristics on the active response of driver's hand on the human injury in vehicle crashes

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 18

参考文献 24

相关文章 13

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

期刊信息

在线期刊

作者中心

审稿中心

联系我们

[1]	李晗, 刘钊, 朱平. 基于SSI-PSO的汽车碰撞试验时序数据处理与分类方法[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(2): 259-268.
[2]	屈贤, 林繁国, 张金龙. 基于磁流变缓冲吸能装置的汽车碰撞仿真分析[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(4): 487-492.
[3]	陈现岭, 刘智超, 蒋斌庆, 刘珍海. 整车碰撞虚拟仿真中橡胶悬置的仿真方法 [J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2020, 11(2): 212-219.
[4]	许万，周大永. 三元锂离子动力电池挤压损伤容限的试验研究[J]. JASE, 2019, 10(1): 106-111.
[5]	解文娜，颜凌波，张伟锋，等. 汽车碰撞试验假人零部件质心测量方法及装置[J]. JASE, 2018, 9(3): 281-287.
[6]	王心怡，刘晓颖，陈聪，唐亮，王东林. 跌落工况下的人体腰椎损伤风险的几种影响因素[J]. JASE, 2018, 9(2): 178-185.
[7]	宋正超，章斯亮. 基于改进EGO 算法的汽车40% 偏置碰撞优化设计[J]. JASE, 2017, 08(03): 246-251.
[8]	王栋，王亚军，施欲亮，吴沈荣，赵正，吴特. 汽车夹层风挡玻璃的数值模拟和试验验证[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2014, 5(03): 263-269.
[9]	刘洋, 赖兴华, 马春生. 汽车生产年份和乘员乘坐位置对侧面碰撞下乘员伤害的影响[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2012, 3(4): 313-318.
[10]	邹猛, 魏灿刚, 许述财. 汽车碰撞中锥形晶胞薄壁金属管吸能特性的仿真研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2012, 3(4): 326-331.
[11]	曹立波，肖慧青，江岸. 保护汽车碰撞中孕妇乘员安全的包裹式安全带[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2012, 3(1): 12-18.
[12]	蒋小晴, 杨济匡, 肖志, 叶映台, 郭杰. 前纵梁碰撞模拟中的焊点建模方法比较[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2010, 1(4): 327-331.
[13]	王方, 肖志, 万鑫铭, 杨济匡. 汽车低速碰撞中的人体颈部有限元模型验证[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2010, 1(3): 214-218.