北京市纯电动出租车换电技术用户接受度研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2022.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用换电技术的电动出租车近年来发展迅速,但其利用效率、盈利能力和用户接受度尚不清晰。为了分析换电技术的用户接受度及其影响因素,该文基于技术接受模型,引入感知有用性、感知易用性、感知风险指标体系,构建换电技术接受度模型。采用问卷调查方法收集北京市纯电动出租车驾驶员的换电技术使用数据,分析换电技术接受度及其影响因素。结果表明：充换模式电动车、纯换模式电动车及内燃机汽车的技术接受度分值分别为3.80、3.37、4.29。作为充电技术的补充,换电技术能有效缓解里程焦虑,但目前换电出租车的技术接受度仍低于传统内燃机出租车,需着重提升里程利用率、续航稳定性、补能便利性、主观安全性和车辆经济性,以加快电动出租车的推广应用。

关键词: 电动汽车, 出租车, 换电, 技术接受度

Abstract:

Electric taxis with battery swapping technology have developed rapidly in recent years. But the utilization efficiency, vehicle profitability and user acceptance of battery swapping technology remain unclear. Based on the technology acceptance model, to analyze the acceptance of battery swapping technology and its influencing factors, this study introduces the index system of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk to establish the acceptance model of battery swapping technology. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the usage data on battery swapping technology among electric taxi drivers in Beijing. The acceptance of battery swapping technology and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that the technical acceptance scores of charging mode electric vehicles, charging-swapping mode electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles are 3.80, 3.37 and 4.29, respectively. As a supplement to charging technology, battery swapping technology can effectively relieve range anxiety, but its technology acceptance is still lower than that of traditional internal combustion taxis. It is necessary to focus on improving mileage utilization rate, endurance stability, energy supplement convenience, subjective safety and vehicle profitability to accelerate the promotion and application of electric taxis.

Key words: electric vehicles, taxis, battery swapping, technical acceptance

中图分类号:

U467.1+4

高索芬, 郝瀚. 北京市纯电动出租车换电技术用户接受度研究[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2022, 13(1): 176-185.

GAO Suofen, HAO Han. Research on user acceptance of battery swapping technology: The case of electric taxis in Beijing[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy, 2022, 13(1): 176-185.

图/表 10

参考文献 29

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纯换模式	充换模式
特殊情况下授权充电（客服备案）; 充电每月不高于4次; 0.35元 / km;	慢充不限次数,快充不高于4次; 每30天到站接受电池统一均衡管理; 1.75元 / kWh;
里程结算（无须考虑用电损耗）	电量结算（自承担空调、电池损耗）
每年1月、7月申请模式切换

纯换模式	充换模式
特殊情况下授权充电（客服备案）; 充电每月不高于4次; 0.35元 / km;	慢充不限次数,快充不高于4次; 每30天到站接受电池统一均衡管理; 1.75元 / kWh;
里程结算（无须考虑用电损耗）	电量结算（自承担空调、电池损耗）
每年1月、7月申请模式切换

样本所在区域	问卷收集数量/份	区域问卷数占比/%
东城区	2	1.08
西城区	3	1.61
朝阳区	7	3.76
丰台区	9	4.84
石景山区	5	2.69
海淀区	25	13.44
门头沟区	2	1.08
房山区	34	18.28
通州区	10	5.37
顺义区	8	4.30
大兴区	48	25.80
怀柔区	8	4.30
平谷区	5	2.69
密云区	2	1.08
延庆区	2	1.08
昌平区	16	8.60
总计	186	100.00

样本所在区域	问卷收集数量/份	区域问卷数占比/%
东城区	2	1.08
西城区	3	1.61
朝阳区	7	3.76
丰台区	9	4.84
石景山区	5	2.69
海淀区	25	13.44
门头沟区	2	1.08
房山区	34	18.28
通州区	10	5.37
顺义区	8	4.30
大兴区	48	25.80
怀柔区	8	4.30
平谷区	5	2.69
密云区	2	1.08
延庆区	2	1.08
昌平区	16	8.60
总计	186	100.00