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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (02): 151-158.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2014.02.006

• 汽车安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

大客车与行人碰撞中动力学响应及损伤参数的仿真

杨济匡，赵淑婧   

  1. 湖南大学 汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙 410082，中国
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-27 出版日期:2014-06-25 发布日期:2014-06-27
  • 作者简介:第一作者/ First author ： 杨济匡（1948 －），男（汉），湖南，教授。E-mail: jikuangyang@hnu.edu.cn 第二作者/ Second author ： 赵淑婧（1989 －），女（汉），湖北，硕士研究生。E-mail: Zhaoshj27@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主研究项目(61075004)

Simulations on dynamic responses and pedestrian injury parameters in bus-pedestrian collisions

YANG Jikuang, ZHAO Shujing   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
  • Received:2014-01-27 Online:2014-06-25 Published:2014-06-27

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摘要： 大客车与行人碰撞造成的行人伤亡不容忽视。为预防这类交通伤害，该文研究了大客车与行
人碰撞中的行人运动响应及损伤参数。运用多体动力学软件，建立了基于某客车前部结构的计算机仿
真模型；根据行人步态参数、大客车前部结构参数和不同碰撞条件，进行了计算机仿真分析。结果表明：
行人初始姿态及客车前部几何特征决定了碰撞后行人旋转方向及抛出形态；碰撞速度超过40 km/h时，
大客车对行人易造成致命性伤害。限制大客车行驶速度，均匀降低大客车前部结构刚度，以及在保
证客车通过性前提下减小大客车前部离地间隙，这3 种方法可以降低行人伤亡风险。

关键词: 汽车工程, 被动安全, 行人保护, 大客车, 碰撞仿真, 参数分析, 多体系统

Abstract: Bus impacts induced pedestrian casualties should not be neglected. To prevent these vehicle
traffic injuries, the dynamic responses and the injury biomechanics were investigated for the pedestrian moving
response in bus-pedestrian collisions. A computer model was developed for a production bus by using a multibody
(MB) dynamics program. Computer simulations were carried out in terms of the pedestrian walking
postures, the bus front-structure design-parameters, and the different impact conditions. The results show that
the pedestrian initial state and the bus-front geometry characteristics determine the rotation orientation and the
thrown patterns of pedestrians. Pedestrians suffer usually fatal injuries when impact speed exceeds 40 km/h.
Restricting the bus travel speed, reducing evenly the bus front structure stiffness, and reducing the bus front
ground clearance within proper traffic ability, the three methods can minimize pedestrian injury risks.

Key words: automotive engineering, passive safety, pedestrian protection, bus, crash simulation, parameter analysis, multi-body (MB)

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