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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1): 54-60.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2013.01.008

• 汽车节能与环保 • 上一篇    下一篇

深圳和杭州电动出租车充电或换电池服务的商业模式

  

  1. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084，中国
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-17 出版日期:2013-03-25 发布日期:2013-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 欧阳明高, 教授。E-mail ： ouymg@tsinghua.edu.cn E-mail:E-mail ： ouymg@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:才艺欣（1990—），男（汉），吉林，大学生。E-mail: caiyixim@vip.sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    科技部国际科技合作计划资助课题（2010DFA72760，2011DFA60650）；国家科技支撑计划资助课题
    （2011BAG02B12）

Business patterns of charging or swapping battery service for
EV taxis in Shenzhen and Hangzhou in China

  1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2012-12-17 Online:2013-03-25 Published:2013-03-27

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摘要： 为推进中国电动车产业化，分析了深圳和杭州两电动车应用示范城市电动出租车充电/ 换电
服务商业模式的组织模式和盈利能力。深圳的组织模式是：快速充电—整车销售—第三方运营；杭州
的组织模式是：快速换电—裸车销售—电池租赁。用价值链理论和现金流法，分析了这两种模式业
务单元的盈利能力。结果表明：这两种商业模式的盈利能力均比较差，在有政府财务补贴的条件下，
业务单元的净现值(NPV) 和内部收益率(IRR) 仍均为负值。因此，需业务转型和扩大市场规模，以提
高盈利能力。

关键词: 电动汽车, 充电服务, 换电服务, 出租车, 商业模式, 组织模式, 盈利能力

Abstract: Shenzhen and Hangzhou are two demonstration cities for electric vehicle (EV) applications in China.
The organization pattern and profitability of EV taxi business were compared between battery-charging service
in Shenzhen and battery-swapping service in Hangzhou to promote the EV industrialization in China. The
Shenzhen pattern is quick-charging, vehicle-purchasing, and third-party-operating, while the Hangzhou pattern
is battery-swapping, vehicle-purchasing without batteries, and battery-renting. The net present value (NPV) and
the internal rate of return (IRR) of the two patterns were calculated using the value chain analysis method and
the cash flow calculation method. The results show that the NPV and IRR of the two patterns for business units
are both negative, indicating a low profitability even with government allowances. Therefore, each pattern needs
to be improved by developing profitable business and by enlarging local EV market scale.

Key words: electric vehicle (EV), charging service, battery swapping service, taxis, business patterns,
organization pattern, profitability

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