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汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1): 82-87.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2019.01.010

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过冷水对质子交换膜燃料电池零下启动能力与特性的影响

黄福森1，汪尚尚1，李 哲1,2，彭 杰3，张剑波1,2*   

  1. （1. 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，清华大学，北京100084，中国；2. 北京电动车辆协同创新中心，北京理工大学，北京 100081，中国；3. 清华大学 航天航空学院，北京100084，中国）
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-04 出版日期:2019-03-31 发布日期:2019-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 张剑波(1967—)，男( 汉)，河南，教授。E-mail: jbzhang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:第一作者 / First author ： 黄福森(1992—)，男( 汉)，山西，硕士研究生。E-mail: hfs15@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:

    汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室自主科研课题(ZZ2016-052); 国家科技部国际合作项目(2016YFE0118600)。

Influences of super-cooled water on PEMFC sub-freezing start-up capability and characteristics

HUANG Fusen1, WANG Shangshang1, LI Zhe1,2, PENG Jie3, ZHANG Jianbo1,2*   

  1. （1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Beijing Co-Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; 3. School of Aerospace Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China）
  • Received:2018-01-04 Online:2019-03-31 Published:2019-04-01

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摘要：

       为了寻找有效的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）零下启动策略以及探究利用过冷水移动提升零下启动能力的可行性，对PEMFC 内过冷水的移动和结冰特征进行了研究。对其零下启动储水容量、零下启动能力进行了估算，实验测量了启动过程累计产水量。 结果表明：在–10 ℃及–20 ℃启动时，过冷水移动可扩展PEMFC 零下启动储水空间、提升零下启动能力；降低零下启动电流密度、提高启动温度、减小单池活性面积均可延缓过冷水结冰的发生、延长单池存活时间。但过冷水的存在会导致零下启动随机特征的出现，影响过冷水利用的稳定性。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC) , 零下启动 , 过冷水 , 随机性

Abstract:

The transport and freezing characteristics of super-cooled water in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were studied to find effective sub-freezing start-up strategies and to explore the feasibility of utilizing super-cooled water transport to improve the sub-freezing start-up capability. The water storage capacity and sub-freezing start-up capability of PEMFC were estimated, and the amount of cumulative water during subfreezing start-up process was measured experimentally. The results show that the transport of the super-cooled water in the PEMFC at –10 ℃ and –20 ℃ can effectively expand fuel cell water storage capacity leading to the improvement of the sub-freezing start-up capability. The survival time of the PEMFC can be prolonged by increasing the temperature and reducing the start-up current density and fuel cell active area. However, the randomness of sub-freezing start-up process resulting from the existence of the super-cooled water in the PEMFC will affect the stability of super-cooled water utilization.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) , sub-freezing start-up ,  super-cooled water , randomness