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汽车安全与节能学报

汽车安全与节能学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (01): 66-71.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8484.2015.01.008

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全承载大客车车架的拓扑优化设计

苏瑞意1,2，钟 薇1，桂良进1，范子杰1   

  1. 1. 清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084，中国；
    2. 北京机电工程总体设计部，北京 100854，中国
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-03 出版日期:2015-03-25 发布日期:2015-04-02
  • 作者简介:苏瑞意（1983.8），男（汉），福建，高级工程师。E-mail: sry@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（51175285）资助

Topology optimization design of integral bus chassis

SU Ruiyi1,2, ZHONG Wei1, GUI Liangjin1, FAN Zijie1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Beijing System Design Institute of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
  • Received:2014-11-03 Online:2015-03-25 Published:2015-04-02

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摘要：

在某全承载大客车车架设计中，为了减轻车架质量、改进加强梁布局，对地板横梁、斜撑
加强梁等结构进行了拓扑优化设计。在客车车架前后轴之间区域构建拓扑设计空间，以车身结构质量
最小为优化目标，以整车扭转刚度不小于原设计方案为约束条件，建立拓扑优化数学模型，并采用遗
传算法进行求解，获得了优化的拓扑方案。结合拓扑优化结果和安装要求，改进了车架的设计方案。
改进方案与原方案比较，设计空间中的加强梁从9 根减少为3 根，整车扭转刚度提高150 Nm/(°)，质
量减少了20.8 kg，材料利用率（刚度增量与质量增量之比）提高了1.5 倍。

关键词: 全承载大客车\车架\轻量化\拓扑优化, 遗传算法

Abstract:

A topology optimization was made for the transverse beams on floor and the reinforcement beams
(diagonal bracings etc.) to reduce chassis mass and to improve reinforcement beams layout of an integral bus
chassis. The zone between the front and rear axles was chosen to construct the topology design space. A
topology optimization formulation was established with the objective being to minimize bus body mass and the
constraint being that bus body torsional stiffness is no less than that of original design. Genetic algorithm was
employed to solve the problem to achiev an optimal topology. An improved design was attained based on the
topology optimization result and the assembly requirement. The number of reinforcement beams in the design
space is reduced from 9 to 3, the bus body torsional stiffness is increased by 150 Nm/(°), and the bus body
mass is reduced by 20.8 kg comparing with the original design. The material utilization, the ratio between the
increments of bus body torsional stiffness to the structures mass in the design space, is increased by 1.5 times.

Key words:  integral bus, chassis, lightweight, topology optimization, genetic algorithm